Therapeutic uses, pharmacological and clinical importance of Cannabis sativa: a review article

Pramod Chandra Dwivedi; Pulsi Pande; Madan Mohan Sharma; Amit Kumar

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20261811

Authors

Pramod Chandra Dwivedi Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Pulsi Pande Government Ayurved College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
Madan Mohan Sharma Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Amit Kumar Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20261811

Keywords:

Cannabis sativa, Cannabinoid, Endocannabinoid system, Medicine, Pharmacology, Clinical trials, Review

Abstract

Hempro Cannabis is a commonly used herbaceous plant, Cannabis sativa L., or hemp, is a plant that has been used multifunctionally in the past as a medicine, nutritional, and industrial crop since ancient times. Throughout the last few decades, its medicinal properties have acquired new scientific interest because of the development of phytochemistry and the identification of an endocannabinoid system in humans. The plant has a vast array of bioactive compounds with the majority of cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, all contributing to the various pharmacological effects of it. Among them, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most researched constituents with unique physiological action. The effects of THC are mainly psychoactive, analgesic, antiemetic and muscle relaxant by acting mediated by the CB1 receptors in the central nervous system. CBD in its turn, has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anxiolytic and anti-epileptic effects without psychoactive adverse effects, by regulating multiple non-cannabinoid receptors and ion channels. The Mult synergy between cannabinoids, together with other minor constituents, results in a so-called encouragements effect, which improves the effects of therapy, reducing the number of adverse effects. According to the pharmacological studies, Cannabis sativa and its active components have a plethora of biological systems in that they can exert effects on the nervous, immune, metabolic and gastrointestinal systems.

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