Clinical and radiological features of incarcerated hernia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220078Keywords:
Herniation, Hernia, Inguinal hernia, Femoral hernia, Incarceration, Strangulation, Clinical manifestations, RadiographyAbstract
Many complications were reported secondary to herniation, including strangulation and incarceration, leading to intestinal obstruction and related clinical manifestations. Treating such cases is largely dependent on appropriately diagnosing and evaluating them to enhance the prognosis and prevent a recurrence. In the present literature review, we have discussed incarcerated hernias' clinical and radiological features. Physical examination is very important in establishing the diagnosis of these events and obtaining a thorough history from the patient. Most patients present with abdominal pain, tenderness, and erythematous changes. Signs of intestinal obstruction might also be reported when this complication develops. Signs include acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Radiological findings might show the presence of air to fluid appearance. Clinicians should be aware of these clinical manifestations and perform an adequate physical examination to establish a proper diagnosis and manage these cases. The process of decision-making is important before deciding the most appropriate management approach. Therefore, it is important to assess patients before moving to the next steps.
Metrics
References
Beadles CA, Meagher AD, Charles AG. Trends in emergent hernia repair in the United States. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(3):194-200.
Hernández-Irizarry R, Zendejas B, Ramirez T. Trends in emergent inguinal hernia surgery in Olmsted County, MN: a population-based study. Hernia. 2012;16(4):397-403.
HerniaSurge Group. International guidelines for groin hernia management. Hernia. 2018;22(1):1-165.
Li J, Guo C, Shao X, Cheng T, Wang Y. Another type of diaphragmatic hernia to remember: parahiatal hernia. ANZ J Surg. 2020;90(11):2180-6.
Siegal SR, Dolan JP, Hunter JG. Modern diagnosis and treatment of hiatal hernias. Langenbeck's Arch Surg. 2017;402(8):1145-51.
Alecu L. Diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania: 1990). 2002;97(2):101-13.
Shakil A, Aparicio K, Barta E, Munez K. Inguinal Hernias: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Phys. 2020;102(8):487-92.
Stranák Z, Kucerová I, Urbánková I, Goldová B, Vítková I, Rygl M, Pýcha K, Krofta L. Soucasné moznosti prenatální diagnostiky kongenitálni diafragmatické hernie [Current options of prenatal diagnosis in congential diaphragmatic hernia]. Ceska Gynekol. 2009;74(3):183-7.
Bittner JGT. Incarcerated/Strangulated Hernia: Open or Laparoscopic? Adv Surg. 2016;50(1):67-78.
Rajput A, Gauderer MW, Hack M. Inguinal hernias in very low birth weight infants: incidence and timing of repair. J Pediatr Surg. 1992;27(10):1322-4.
Stylianos S, Jacir NN, Harris BH. Incarceration of inguinal hernia in infants prior to elective repair. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(4):582-3.
Nguyen TM, Huan VT, Reda A, Morsy S, Nam Giang HT, Tri VD, Mau NK, Elfaituri MK, Hieu TH, Hung NT, Hirayama K, Huy NT. Clinical features and outcomes of neonatal dengue at the Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. J Clin Virol. 2021;138:104758.
Chang SJ, Chen JY, Hsu CK, Chuang FC, Yang SS. The incidence of inguinal hernia and associated risk factors of incarceration in pediatric inguinal hernia: a nation-wide longitudinal population-based study. Hernia. 2016;20(4):559-63.
Ein SH, Njere I, Ein A. Six thousand three hundred sixty-one pediatric inguinal hernias: a 35-year review. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(5):980-6.
Jobson M, Hall NJ. Current practice regarding timing of patent processus vaginalis ligation for idiopathic hydrocele in young boys: a survey of UK surgeons. Pediatr Surg Int. 2017;33(6):677-81.
Thieu H, Bach Dat B, Nam NH. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori infection in a children's hospital in Vietnam: prevalence and associated factors. Minerva Medica. 2020;111(5):498-501.
El-Qushayri AE, Ghozy S, Reda A, Kamel AMA, Abbas AS, Dmytriw AA. The impact of Parkinson's disease on manifestations and outcomes of Covid-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2021;2278.
Mishra DS, Magu S, Sharma N, Rattan KN, Tewari A, Rohilla S. Imaging in acute abdomen. Indian J Pediatr. 2003;70(1):15-9.
Fokou M, Fotso P, Ngowe Ngowe M, Essomba A, Sosso M. Strangulated or incarcerated spontaneous lumbar hernia as exceptional cause of intestinal obstruction: case report and review of the literature. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:44.
Cascini V, Lisi G, Di Renzo D, Pappalepore N, Lelli Chiesa P. Irreducible indirect inguinal hernia containing uterus and bilateral adnexa in a premature female infant: report of an exceptional case and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(1):17-9.
Erdoğan D, Karaman I, Aslan MK, Karaman A, Cavuşoğlu YH. Analysis of 3,776 pediatric inguinal hernia and hydrocele cases in a tertiary center. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(8):1767-72.
Boley SJ, Cahn D, Lauer T, Weinberg G, Kleinhaus S. The irreducible ovary: a true emergency. J Pediatr Surg. 1991;26(9):1035-8.
Merriman TE, Auldist AW. Ovarian torsion in inguinal hernias. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16:383-5.
Dibas M, Doheim MF, Ghozy S, Ros MH, El-Helw GO, Reda A. Incidence and survival rates and trends of skull Base chondrosarcoma: A Population-Based study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;198:106153.
Abdulhai SA, Glenn IC, Ponsky TA. Incarcerated pediatric hernias. Surg Clin. 2017;97(1):129-45.
Blumberg NA. Infantile umbilical hernia. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1980;150(2):187-92.
Mestel AL, Burns H. Incarcerated and strangulated umbilical hernias in infants and children. Clin Pediatr. 1963;2:368-70.
Crump EP. Umbilical hernia. I. Occurrence of the infantile type in Negro infants and children. J Pediatr. 1952;40(2):214-23.
Papagrigoriadis S, Browse DJ, Howard ER. Incarceration of umbilical hernias in children: a rare but important complication. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998;14(3):231-2.
Zens TJ, Cartmill R, Muldowney BL, Fernandes-Taylor S, Nichol P, Kohler JE. Practice Variation in Umbilical Hernia Repair Demonstrates a Need for Best Practice Guidelines. J Pediatr. 2019;206:172-7.
Son PT, Reda A, Viet DC, Quynh NXT, Hung DT, Tung TH, Huy NT. Exchange transfusion in the management of critical pertussis in young infants: a case series. Vox Sang. 2021;116(9):976-82.
Chirdan LB, Uba AF, Kidmas AT. Incarcerated umbilical hernia in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006;16(1):45-8.
Ameh EA, Chirdan LB, Nmadu PT, Yusufu LM. Complicated umbilical hernias in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(4):280-2.
Mawera G, Muguti GI. Umbilical hernia in Bulawayo: some observations from a hospital based study. Central Afr J Med. 1994;40(11):319-23.
Brown RA, Numanoglu A, Rode H. Complicated umbilical hernia in childhood. South Afr J Surg Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie. 2006;44(4):136-7.
Keshtgar AS, Griffiths M. Incarceration of umbilical hernia in children: is the trend increasing? Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2003;13(1):40-3.
Okada T, Yoshida H, Iwai J. Strangulated umbilical hernia in a child: report of a case. Surg Today. 2001;31(6):546-9.
Vrsansky P, Bourdelat D. Incarcerated umbilical hernia in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997;12(1):61-2.
Fall I, Sanou A, Ngom G, Dieng M, Sankalé AA, Ndoye M. Strangulated umbilical hernias in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2006;22(3):233-5.
Sharma A, Pandey A, Rawat J, Ahmed I, Wakhlu A, Kureel SN. Congenital lumbar hernia: 20 years' single centre experience. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012;48(11):1001-3.
Hancock BJ, Wiseman NE. Incarcerated congenital lumbar hernia associated with the lumbocostovertebral syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 1988;23(8):782-3.
Gnidec AA, Marshall DG. Incarcerated direct inguinal hernia containing uterus, both ovaries, and fallopian tubes. J Pediatr Surg. 1986;21(11):986.
Yang Q, Gao Y. Incarcerated recurrent inguinal hernia as a cause of secondary torsion of the greater omentum: a rare case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(11):5867-72.
Moreira-Pinto J, Correia-Pinto J. Scarless laparoscopic repair of epigastric hernia in children. Hernia. 2015;19.
Babsail AA, Abelson JS, Liska D, Muensterer OJ. Single-incision pediatric endosurgical epigastric hernia repair. Hernia. 2014;18(3):357-60.
Shea B, Fasano G, Cohen I. Pediatric Spigelian hernia: A case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. 2017;21.
Skandalakis PN, Zoras O, Skandalakis JE, Mirilas P. Spigelian hernia: surgical anatomy, embryology, and technique of repair. Am Surgeon. 2006;72(1):42-8.
De Caluwé D, Chertin B, Puri P. Childhood femoral hernia: a commonly misdiagnosed condition. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(8):608-9.
Ischer D, Renoult C, Gold B, Mégevand JM. Femoral hernia in geriatric patient. Revue Medicale Suisse. 2018;14(592):279-82.
Nyhus LM, Donahue PE. Femoral hernia. Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia. 1993;64(2):157-62.
