Clinical patterns, causes, and treatment of torus palatinus

Authors

  • Meisan Ali Bukhari North Jeddah Specialist Dental Center, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Anfal Muteb Al Mutairi College of Dentistry, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Fatimah Ahmed Al Awani General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
  • Muhannad Mohammed Alsahli College of Dentistry, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Moayad Mansour Tashkandi College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Duaa Abdulrahman Telmisani College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Bushra Ahmad Al Asiri College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  • Norah Khaled Alkathiri College of Dentistry, Vision Colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Daniah Omar Babtain College of Dentistry, Vision Colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Hanan Salem Alkatheeri College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • Fahad Abdulrahman Alghamdi General Dentist, Minsitry of Health, Albaha, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20215024

Keywords:

Torus palatinus, Palatal torus, Epidemiology, Etiology, Management, Clinical

Abstract

There are two types of tori, including torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Evidence shows that these lesions usually progress slowly, and a spontaneous growth stop is usually another characteristic. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic. However, symptoms might be reported in edentulous patients and cases when the lesion is huge. In the present study, we elaborated on the causes, clinical patterns, and treatment of torus palatinus. The etiology of the condition is unclear, and different theories were reported in the literature, suggesting that the etiology of these cases is usually attributed to environmental and genetic predisposition. It has been defined as a benign tumor that presents in the maxillary bone and is usually asymptomatic. Therefore, the diagnosis of the condition is usually easy. However, it is recommended to conduct a differential diagnosis with other relevant malignant lesions in this area. Surgical interventions are not usually needed as the condition is usually discovered accidentally. However, in cases of tori-related prosthetic or functional discomfort, surgery can be conducted.

References

Castro O, Perez J, Perez Cosio J, Urbon J. Surgery of palatal and mandibular torus. Rev Actual Odontoestomatol Esp. 1990;50(394):47-50.

Binmadi NO, Almazrooa SA. The use of oral and maxillofacial pathology services by general pathologists and their attitude towards it in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(8):857-62.

Zarea BK. Prevalence and pattern of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among edentulous patients of Saudi Arabia. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:209-13.

Antoniades DZ, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85(5):552-7.

Bruce I, Ndanu TA, Addo ME. Epidemiological aspects of oral tori in a Ghanaian community. Int Dent J. 2004;54(2):78-82.

Jainkittivong A, Langlais RP. Buccal and palatal exostoses: prevalence and concurrence with tori. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90(1):48-53.

Haugen LK. Palatine and mandibular tori. A morphologic study in the current Norwegian population. Acta Odontol Scand. 1992;50(2):65-77.

García AS, González JM, Font R, Rivadeneira A, Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(2):353-60.

Bouchet J, Hervé G, Lescaille G, Descroix V, Guyon A. Palatal torus: etiology, clinical aspect, and therapeutic strategy. J Oral Med Oral Surg. 2019;25(2):18.

Quran FA, Dwairi ZN. Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in edentulous patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006;7(2):112-9.

Kerdpon D, Sirirungrojying S. A clinical study of oral tori in southern Thailand: prevalence and the relation to parafunctional activity. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999;107(1):9-13.

Tamba B, Tine SD, Barry BCG. Exostoses buccale. Semantic Schol. 2012.

Sirirungrojying S, Kerdpon D. Relationship between oral tori and temporomandibular disorders. Int Dent J. 1999;49(2):101-4.

Bayaty HF, Murti PR, Matthews R, Gupta PC. An epidemiological study of tori among 667 dental outpatients in Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies. Int Dent J. 2001;51(4):300-4.

Sonnier KE, Horning GM, Cohen ME. Palatal tubercles, palatal tori, and mandibular tori: prevalence and anatomical features in a U.S. population. J Periodontol. 1999;70(3):329-36.

Eggen S, Natvig B. Variation in torus mandibularis prevalence in Norway. A statistical analysis using logistic regression. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1991;19(1):32-5.

Eggen S. Torus mandibularis: an estimation of the degree of genetic determination. Acta Odontol Scand. 1989;47(6):409-15.

Reichart PA, Neuhaus F, Sookasem M. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988;16(1):61-4.

Clifford T, Lamey PJ, Fartash L. Mandibular tori, migraine and temporomandibular disorders. Br Dent J. 1996;180(10):382-4.

Eggen S. Correlated characteristics of the jaws: association between torus mandibularis and marginal alveolar bone height. Acta Odontol Scand. 1992;50(1):1-6.

Eggen S, Natvig B, Gåsemyr J. Variation in torus palatinus prevalence in Norway. Scand J Dent Res. 1994;102(1):54-9.

Sasaki H, Ikedo D, Kataoka M, Kido JI, Kitamura S, Nagata T. Pronounced Palatal and Mandibular Tori Observed in Patient With Chronic Phenytoin Therapy: A Case Report. J Periodontol. 1999;70(4):445-8.

Eggen S, Natvig B. Relationship between torus mandibularis and number of present teeth. Scand J Dent Res. 1986;94(3):233-40.

Khan S, Shah SAH, Ali F, Rasheed D. Concurrence of Torus Palatinus, Torus Mandibularis and Buccal Exostosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(11):111-3.

Dibas M, Doheim MF, Ghozy S, Ros MH, El-Helw GO, Reda A. Incidence and survival rates and trends of skull Base chondrosarcoma: A Population-Based study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;198:106153.

Qushayri AE, Dahy A, Reda A, Mahmoud MA, Mageed SA, Kamel AMA, et al. A closer look at the high burden of psychiatric disorders among healthcare workers in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:2021045.

Hascoet E, Vaillant P, Tempescul A, Darbin C, Lansonneur C, Boisramé S. Tori et exostoses multiples. Macedonian Dental Review. 2020;43(3):117-22.

Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007;29(2):125-31.

Hiss J, Taddei C, Wolfram-Gabel R, Féki A. The torus palatine. Study carried out on 723 human skulls and comparison with data from the literature. Semantic Schol. 2005.

Nguyen TM, Huan VT, Reda A, Morsy S, Nam Giang HT, Tri VD, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of neonatal dengue at the Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. J Clin Virol. 2021;138:104758.

Pham TS, Reda A, Ngan TT, Ng SJ, Huan VT, Viet DC, et al. Blood exchange transfusion in viral hepatitis in a small infant: a case report. Transfus Apher Sci. 2020;59(6):102907.

Achkar VN, Lopes SL, Pinto AS, Prado RF, Kaminagakura E. Imaging Aspects of Palatal Torus in Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016;50(4):359-64.

Son PT, Reda A, Viet DC, Quynh NXT, Hung DT, Tung TH, et al. Exchange transfusion in the management of critical pertussis in young infants: a case series. Vox Sang. 2021;116(9):976-82.

Thieu H, Bach DB, Nam NH, Reda A, Duc NT, Alshareef A, et al. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori infection in a children's hospital in Vietnam: prevalence and associated factors. Minerva Med. 2020;111(5):498-501.

Kolas S, Halperin V, Jefferis K, Huddleston S, Robinson HB. The occurrence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in 2,478 dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1953;6(9):1134-41.

Berrada S. Oral bone hypertrophy in full toothless: inevitable to circumvent. Semantic Schol. 2016.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-27

How to Cite

Bukhari, M. A., Al Mutairi, A. M., Al Awani, F. A., Alsahli, M. M., Tashkandi, M. M., Telmisani, D. A., Al Asiri, B. A., Alkathiri, N. K., Babtain, D. O., Alkatheeri, H. S., & Alghamdi, F. A. (2021). Clinical patterns, causes, and treatment of torus palatinus. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 9(1), 523–527. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20215024

Issue

Section

Review Articles