A study on prevalence of anemia among antenatal females registered at rural health training centre, Budhi in district Kathua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20215007Keywords:
Anemia, Antenatal, HemoglobinAbstract
Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Anemia is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It affects 1.62 billion people globally, which corresponds to 24.8% of the world population. Though anemia is easily treatable and preventable disease, it continues to be significantly associated with pregnancy. The aims of the study were to determine the magnitude of anemia in pregnant women according to severity and to find out association of anemia with different variables.
Methods: The present study was a retrospective type of study which was conducted over a period of 2 years. A total of 109 antenatal females were registered over the period of 2 years.
Results: The most common age group seen was 26-30 years (45%), majority of females were Hindu (95.4%) and belonged to lower socio-economic status (52.3%). The obstetrics history of the antenatal females’ shows, majority of them registered themselves in their 1st trimester (73.4%) and around 22.1% of the females had birth interval between 2-3 years, followed by 1-2 years. Majority of them had moderate anemia (82%), followed by mild anemia (10%). Only 1% of females had severe anemia while rest had no anemia (7%).
Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of anemia in antenatal females, irrespective of religion, socio-economic status, etc. anemia is found to be endemic in this region, due to various unfavorable socio-demographic factors. Strengthening of the existing adolescent and maternal health interventions focusing towards anemia screening and prevention among reproductive age group.
References
Sinha A, Adhikary M, Phukan JP, Kedia S, Sinha T. A study on anemia and its risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a rural medical college of West Bengal. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2021;10:1327-31.
Gebreweld A, Tsegaye A. Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Adv Hematol. 2018;2018.
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16. Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/ pubs/pdf/FR339/FR339.pdf. Accessed on 2 February 2021.
Haggaz AD, Radi EA, Adam I. Anemia and low birth weight in western Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010;104:234-6.
Tadesse SE, Seid O, G/Mariam Y, ÊFekadu A, Wasihun Y, Endris K, et al. Determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Dessie town health facilities, northern central Ethiopia, unmatched case -control study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0173173.
Demayer EM, Tegman A. Prevalence of anemia in the world. World Health Organ Qlty. 1998;38:302‑18.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Guidelines for Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia. 2013. Available from: https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/ pdf/programmes/child-health/guidelines/Control-of-Iron-Deficiency-Anaemia.pdf. Accessed on 2 February 2021.
De Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell M. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993‑2005: WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Tolentino K, Friedman JF. An update on anaemia in less developed countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:262‑7.
Lokare PO, Karanjekar VD, Gattani PL, Kulkarni AP. A study of prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Aurangabad city, India. Ann Niger Med. 2012;6:30‑4.
Gautam VP, Bansal Y, Taneja DK, Saha R. Prevalence of anemia amongst pregnant women and its socio‑demographic associates in a rural area of Delhi. Indian J Community Med. 2002;27:157‑60.
Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN, Ahmed FU, Singh RP, et al. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27:311‑5.
Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN. Micronutrient deficiency disorders in 16 districts of India‑Part 1 Report of ICMR Task Force Study. District Nutrition Project. Ansari Nagar, New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2001.
Mahamoud NK, Mwambi B, Oyet C, Segujja F, Webbo F, Okiria JC, et al. Prevalence of anemia and its associated socio‑demographic factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal care clinic at Kisugu health center IV, Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda. J Blood Med. 2020;11:13‑8.
Omete V, Ukwamedua HA, Bini N, Kashibu E, Ubandoma JR, Ranyang A. Prevalence, severity, and correlates of anaemia in pregnancy among antenatal attendees in Wari, South‑Southern Nigeria: A cross‑sectional and hospital‑based study. Anemia 2020;2020.
Vindhya J, Nath A, Murthy GV, Metgud C, Sheeba B, Shubhashree V, et al. prevalence and its risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a public‑sector hospital in Bangalore, South India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8:37‑43.
Viveki RG, Halappanavar AB, Viveki PR, Halki SB, Maled VS. Prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological determinants in pregnant women. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2012;5:216-23.
Sarala V, Gopalan U. A study on prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in South India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;9:34‑7.
Singh K, Gupta N, Kapoor A. Retrospective study on prevalence of anemia among pregnant women registered in a urban health training centre in Krishna colony, Kathua, J&K. Int J Scient Res. 2020;9(3).
Elhassan EM, Abbaker AO, Haggaz AD, Abubaker MS, Adam I. Anaemia and low birth weight in Medani, Hospital Sudan. BMC Res Notes. 2010;3(1):1-5.
Baksh FM, Bibi S, Mushtaq R, Gul K. Anemia in pregnant women. J Surg Pak. 2019;24(3):144-7.
Elzahrani SS. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Al-Hada Hospital. Canadian J Med. 2012;3:10-4.