Updated modalities for management of obesity

Authors

  • Najlaa Mohammad Alsudairy Department of Family Medicine, Assistant Consultant of Family Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, KSA
  • Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alsadhan College of Medicine, University of Almaarefa, Riyadh, KSA
  • Bader Khalid Alghaith Hwuylan Primary Health Care Center, Buraydah Central Hospital, Qassim, KSA
  • Faris Jamal Merdad Primary Health Care, King Abdulaziz International Airport, Jeddah, KSA
  • Bahaa Ali Althawab College of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz-Poland, Poland
  • Abdulilah Solomon Al Bossier College of Medicine, Qassim University, Almleda, KSA
  • Suliman Abdullah Al-Aqeel Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Uyun Al Jawa-Qassim, KSA
  • Awad Saeed Al-Harbi College of Medicine, Qassim University, Almleda, KSA
  • Rasha Saleh Alshammari College of Medicine, University of Hail-Hail, KSA
  • Abdullah Khalail Albalawi Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health-Yanbu, KSA
  • Sadiq Jawad Aldandan College of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz-Poland, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211905

Keywords:

Obesity, Management, Overweight, Body mass index

Abstract

Obesity treatment has become vastly more challenging as our comprehension of weight control has grown. Its treatment needs a close collaboration between a dedicated multidisciplinary healthcare team and a motivated patient. The team can include dietitian, health educator, physical activity mentor, personal trainer, clinical psychologist, and physician will be among the team members. Successful obesity care should overcome both the medical and social burdens of the condition. New prevention methods have Aby health care professionals since it is a condition with significant health implications. Obesity management consists of many options surgically, pharmacologically, dietary and physical activity. The best management option for each patient is determined by a healthcare professional. Bariatric surgery results in a larger decrease in BMI in the short and long term, when compared to non-surgical interventions. However, doctors and patients should recommend bariatric surgery at a lower threshold where lifestyle and pharmacological treatments have failed. Updates in obesity management are regular, and healthcare workers should continuously be updated with these management modalities.

References

World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. Geneva, WHO. 2017. Available at: https://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed on 3 January 2021.

GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13-27.

Albaugh VL, Abumrad NN. Surgical treatment of obesity. Review F1000Res. 2018;7:F1000.

Suastika K. Update in the management of obesity. Acta Med Indones. 2006;38(4):231-7.

Visscher TL, Seidell JC, Molarius A. A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25:1730-5.

Ruban A, Stoenchev K, Ashrafian H, Teare J. Current treatments for obesity. Clin Med. 2019;19(3):205-12.

Schwarz PE, Lindström J, Kissimova-Scarbeck K, Szybinski Z, Barengo NC, Peltonen M et al. The European perspective of type 2 diabetes prevention: diabetes in Europe – prevention using lifestyle, physical activity and nutritional intervention (DE-PLAN) project. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2008;116:167-72.

Hainer V, Toplak H, Mitrakou A. Treatment modalities of obesity: What fits whom? Diabetes Care. 2008;31(2):S269-77.

Sampsel S, May J. Assessment and management of obesity and comorbid conditions. Dis Manag. 2007;1:252-65.

Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. 2009;53(21):1925-32.

Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:88.

Higa KD, Boone KB, Ho T, Davies OG. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: technique and preliminary results of our first 400 patients. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1029-33.

Fernandez AZ, DeMaria EJ, Tichansky DS. Experience with over 3,000 open and laparoscopic bariatric procedures: multivariate analysis of factors related to leak and resultant mortality. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:193-7.

Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surg. 2014;149:275-87.

Burgos AM, Braghetto I, Csendes A. Gastric leak after laparoscopic-sleeve gastrectomy for obesity. Obes Surg. 2009;19:1672-7.

Angrisani L, Lorenzo M, Borrelli V. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 5-year results of a prospective randomized trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(2):127-32.

Angrisani L, Cutolo PP, Formisano G, Nosso G, Vitolo G. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10-year results of a prospective, randomized trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013(3):405-13.

Hess DS, Hess DW. Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch. Obes Surg. 1998;8:267-82.

Sethi M, Chau E, Youn A. Long-term outcomes after biliopancreatic diversion with and without duodenal switch: 2-, 5-, and 10-year data. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12:1697-705.

Sullivan S. Aspiration therapy leads to weight loss in obese subjects: a pilot study. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(6):1245-52.

Kojima M, Hosoda H, Sawaguchi A, Mondal MS, Suganuma T, Matsukura S et al Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology. 2000;141(11):4255-61.

Johnson RL, Wilson CG. A review of vagus nerve stimulation as a therapeutic intervention. J Inflamm Res. 2018;11:203-13.

Ruban A, Ashrafian H, Teare JP. The Endo Barrier: duodenal-jejunal bypass liner for diabetes and weight loss. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2018;2018:9.

Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. Physiology of intestinal absorption and secretion. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;30(2):145-59.

Makris A, Foster GD. Dietary approaches to the treatment of obesity. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011;34(4):813-27.

Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, Keller U, Yancy WS, Jr, Brehm BJ et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:285-93.

Eisenstein J, Roberts SB, Dallal G, Saltzman E. High-protein weight-loss diets: are they safe and do they work? A review of the experimental and epidemiologic data. Nutr Rev. 2002;1:189-200.

Karamanos B, Thanopoulou A, Angelico F, Assaad-Khalil S, Barbato A, Del Ben M et al. Nutritional habits in the Mediterranean Basin. The macronutrient composition of diet and its relation with the traditional Mediterranean diet. Multi-centre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD) Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:983-91.

American Diabetes Association. Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):S61-78.

Ornish D. Low-fat diets. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:127:128-9.

Roberts SB. High-glycemic index foods, hunger, and obesity: is there a connection? Nutr Rev. 2000;58:163-9.

Brand-Miller J, Wolever TMS, Foster-Powell K, Colagiuri S. The New Glucose Revolution. New York, NY: Marlowe and Co. 1996;71-94:173-95.

Foster G. The behavioral approach to treating obesity. Am Heart J. 2006;151(3):625-7.

Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: A report of the American College of cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the obesity society. Circulation. 2014;129(25):102-38.

Apovian CM, Aronne LJ, Bessesen DH, McDonnell ME, Murad MH, Pagotto U et al. Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):342-62.

National Institute of Health (NIH). The Practical Guide to the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Guidelines. 2000:1-94.

Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, Garber AJ, Hurley DL, Jastreboff AM et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) Comprehensive Clinical Practice Guidelines for Medical Care of Patients with Obesity. Endocrine practice. 2016;22(3):1-203.

Church TS, Earnest CP, Skinner JS, Blair SN. 2007 Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 297:2081-91.

Sui X, Lamonte MJ, Laditka JN, Hardin JW, Chase N, Hooker SP et al. 2007 Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity as mortality predictors in older adults. JAMA. 298:2507-16.

Montesi L, El Ghoch M, Brodosi L, Calugi S, Marchesini G, Dalle Grave R. Long-term weight loss maintenance for obesity: a multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2016;9:37-46.

NA. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. National institutes of health. Obe Res. 1998;6(2):51s-209.

Raynor HA, Champagne CM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116:129-47.

Selvendran SS, Penney NC, Aggarwal N, Darzi AW, Purkayastha S. Treatment of Obesity in Young People-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obesity surgery. 2018;28(8):2537-49.

McGovern L, Johnson JN, Paulo R. Treatment of pediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(12):4600-5.

McDonagh MS, Selph S, Ozpinar A. Systematic review of the benefits and risks of metformin in treating obesity in children aged 18 years and younger. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(2):178-84.

O’Brien PE, Sawyer SM, Laurie C. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in severely obese adolescents: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;303(6):519-26.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-25

How to Cite

Alsudairy, N. M., Alsadhan, A. I., Alghaith, B. K., Merdad, F. J., Althawab, B. A., Al Bossier, A. S., Al-Aqeel, S. A., Al-Harbi, A. S., Alshammari, R. S., Albalawi, A. K., & Aldandan, S. J. (2021). Updated modalities for management of obesity. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(6), 3156–3162. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211905

Issue

Section

Review Articles