Role of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in determining the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a systematic review

Authors

  • Shuwaathi Thamil Manni School of Medicine, Perdana University- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Malaysia
  • Calvin Preetivan Noris School of Medicine, Perdana University- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Malaysia
  • Amuthaganesh Mathialagan School of Medicine, Perdana University- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Malaysia
  • Kanakeswary Karisnan School of Medicine, Perdana University- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212619

Keywords:

Physical activity, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidaemia, Postmenopausal breast cancer

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have emerged as crucial factors in facilitating the incidence of postmenopausal (PM) breast cancer (BC). The association of PA, MetS and its components with PM BC was explored in this study. PRISMA guideline was followed and online databases were searched comprehensively to find relevant cohort and case-control studies until 18 February 2021 using keywords such as “physical activity”, “metabolic syndrome” and “breast cancer”. Eligible studies evaluating BC in postmenopausal women with a clear definition and measure of PA, MetS and its individual components were selected. A total of twenty-three articles related to PA and fifteen articles for MetS met the eligibility criteria and were assessed thoroughly. PA and MetS were significantly associated with PM BC. There was evidence of dose-response effect of PA and Mets on PM BC. Obesity, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were independently associated with PM BC and posed an increased risk on PM BC whereas the association of HPTN with PM BC was not prominent. Consistent and sustained long term PA throughout one’s lifetime was observed to decrease PM BC risk whereas increasing number of MetS components increased the risk of PM BC. Routine screening for PM women with ≥2 MetS components and obese or overweight women with any of the MetS components may be beneficial in early BC detection. Lifestyle modifications with emphasis on long term PA would be beneficial to public health in preventing and improving MetS outcomes as well as a primary prevention of sporadic PM BC.

References

GLOBOCAN 2020: New Global Cancer Data. UICC. 2020. Available at: https://www.uicc.org/news/ globocan-2020-new-global-cancer-data. Accessed on 21st February 2021.

Global Incidence of Premenopausal, Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Rising. AJMC. Available at: https://www.ajmc.com/view/global-incidence-of-premenopausal-postmenopausal-breast-cancer-rising. Accessed on 22nd February 2021.

Thivel D, Tremblay A, Genin PM, Panahi S, Rivière D, Duclos M. Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Sedentary Behaviors: Definitions and Implications in Occupational Health. Frontiers in Public Health. 2018;6.

Bernstein L. Exercise and breast cancer prevention. Current Oncology Reports. 2009;11(6):490-6.

Monninkhof EM, Elias SG, Vlems FA. Physical activity and breast cancer: a systematic review. Epidemiology 2007;18(1):137-57.

Adraskela K, Veisaki E, Koutsilieris M, Philippou A. Physical Exercise Positively Influences Breast Cancer Evolution. Clinical Breast Cancer. 2017;17(6):408-17.

Alberti K, Eckel R, Grundy S, Zimmet P, Cleeman J, Donato K et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Forceon Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2010;7(1):63-5.

Kabat GC, Kim M, Chlebowski RT, Khandekar J, Ko MG, McTiernan A, et al. A longitudinal study of the metabolic syndrome and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(7):2046-53.

Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, Green J, Spencer E, Bull D. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: Cohort study. Br Med J. 2007;335(7630):1134-9.

Kamioka H. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015 statement. Japanese Pharmacol Ther. 2019;47(8):1177-85.

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Ohri.ca. 2021. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed on 20th February 2021.

Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Bethea TN, Ban Y, Kipping-Ruane K, Adams-Campbell LL. A prospective study of physical activity and breast cancer incidence in African-American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(11):2522-31.

Ekenga CC, Parks CG, Sandler DP. A prospective study of occupational physical activity and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26(12):1779-89.

McTiernan A, Kooperberg C, White E, Vogel VG. Recreational physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: The women’s health initiative cohort study. Breast Dis. 2004;15(1):25-6.

Bardia A, Hartmann LC, Vachon CM, Vierkant RA, Wang AH, Olson JE, et al. Recreational physical activity and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer based on hormone receptor status. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(22):2478-83.

Chang SC, Ziegler RG, Dunn B, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Lacey J V, Huang WY, et al. Association of energy intake and energy balance with postmenopausal breast cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(2):334-41.

Patel A V, Calle EE, Bernstein L, Wu AH, Thun MJ. Recreational physical activity and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large cohort of US women. Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14(6):519-29.

George SM, Irwin ML, Matthews CE, Mayne ST, Gail MH, Moore SC, et al. Beyond recreational physical activity: Examining occupational and household activity, transportation activity, and sedentary behavior in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2288-95.

Eliassen A, Hankinson S, Rosner B, Holmes M, Willett W. Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2010;170(19).

Howard RA, Leitzmann MF, Linet MS, Freedman DM. Physical activity and breast cancer risk among pre- and postmenopausal women in the U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(3):323-33.

Suzuki S, Kojima M, Tokudome S, Mori M, Sakauchi F, Fujino Y, et al. Effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk: Findings of the Japan collaborative cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3396-401.

Pronk A, Ji BT, Shu XO, Chow WH, Xue S, Yang G, et al. Physical activity and breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Br J Cancer. 2011;105(9):1443-50.

Osaki Y, Taniguchi S, Tahara A, Okamoto M, Kishimoto T. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of liver and breast cancers in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;36(2):141-7.

Bosco JLF, Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Hatch EE, Rosenberg L. Cardiometabolic factors and breast cancer risk in U.S. black women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(3):1247-56.

Kabat GC, Kim MY, Lee JS, Ho GY, Going SB, Beebe-Dimmer J, et al. Metabolic obesity phenotypes and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(12):1730-5.

Lindgren A, Pukkala E, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal, hypertensive women. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(3):641-4.

Reeves KW, McLaughlin V, Fredman L, Ensrud K, Cauley JA. Components of metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer by prognostic features in the study of osteoporotic fractures cohort. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(8):1241-51.

Catsburg C, Kirsh VA, Soskolne CL, Kreiger N, Bruce E, Ho T, et al. Associations between anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, and breast cancer risk in a Canadian cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;145(2):545-52.

Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Bryant HE. Influence of physical activity in different age and life periods on the risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology. 2001;12(6):604-12.

Shoff SM, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Remington PL, Mittendorf R, Greenberg ER, et al. Early-life physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer: Effect of body size and weight change. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9(6):591-5.

John EM, Horn-Ross PL, Koo J. Lifetime Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Risk in a Multiethnic Population: The San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12(11 II):1143-52.

Carpenter CL, Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Bernstein L. Effect of family history, obesity and exercise on breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer. 2003;106(1):96-102.

Dorn J, Vena J, Brasure J, Freudenheim J, Graham S. Lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(2):278-85.

Hirose K, Hamajima N, Takezaki T, Miura S, Tajima K. Physical exercise reduces risk of breast cancer in Japanese women. Cancer Sci. 2003;94(2):193-9.

Awatef M, Olfa G, Rim C, Asma K, Kacem M, Makram H, et al. Physical activity reduces breast cancer risk: A case-control study in Tunisia. Cancer Epidemiol. 2011;35(6):540-4.

Gilliland FD, Li YF, Baumgartner K, Crumley D, Samet JM. Physical activity and breast cancer risk in hispanic and non-hispanic white women. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(5):442-50.

Si S, Boyle T, Heyworth J, Glass DC, Saunders C, Fritschi L. Lifetime physical activity and risk of breast cancer in pre-and post-menopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;152(2):449-62.

Yang D, Bernstein L, Wu AH. Physical activity and breast cancer risk among Asian-American women in Los Angeles: A case-control study. Cancer. 2003;97(10):2565-75.

Dirx MJM, Voorrips LE, Alexandra Goldbohm R, Van Den Brandt PA. Baseline recreational physical activity, history of sports participation, and postmenopausal breast carcinoma risk in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer. 2001;92(6):1638-49.

Rosato V, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Levi F, Montella M, Giacosa A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(12):2687-92.

Capasso I, Esposito E, Pentimalli F, Crispo A, Montella M, Grimaldi M, et al. Metabolic syndrome affects breast-cancer risk in postmenopausal women: National Cancer Institute of Naples experience. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(12):1240-3.

Wu AH, Vigen C, Butler LM, Tseng CC. Metabolic conditions and breast cancer risk among Los Angeles County Filipina Americans compared with Chinese and Japanese Americans. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(12):2450-61.

Wang M, Cheng N, Zheng S, Wang D, Hu X, Ren X, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in north-west China. Climacteric. 2015;18(6):852-8.

Noh HM, Song YM, Park JH, Kim BK, Choi YH. Metabolic factors and breast cancer risk in Korean women. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(6):1061-8.

Agnoli C, Grioni S, Sieri S, Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Tumino R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk: A case-cohort study nested in a multicentre Italian cohort. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):1-12.

Agnoli C, Berrino F, Abagnato CA, Muti P, Panico S, Crosignani P, et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer in the ORDET cohort: A nested case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(1):41-8.

Ronco AL, De Stéfani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Quarneti A. Diabetes, overweight and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: A case-control study in Uruguay. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(1):139-46.

Xu Y, Rogers C. Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention: Possible Role of Immune Mediators. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020;7.

Zhao P, Xia N, Zhang H, Deng T. The Metabolic Syndrome Is a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Facts. 2020;13(4):384-96.

Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(4):856-62.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-25

How to Cite

Thamil Manni, S., Noris, C. P., Mathialagan, A., & Karisnan, K. (2021). Role of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in determining the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a systematic review. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(7), 3561–3584. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212619

Issue

Section

Systematic Reviews