A hospital based case control study to explore the association between Bruxism and Cardiovascular diseases in Kangra region of Himachal Pradesh

Authors

  • Ragini Bhatia Department of Public Health, IIPH, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-466X
  • Divya Nair H. Department of Public Health, IIPH, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
  • Mukul Kumar Bhatnagar Department of Cardiology, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh
  • Saloni Sood Department of Anaesthesia, Pt. JLNGMC, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh
  • Praveen Kumar Department of Dentistry, Civil Hospital Nagrota Bagwan, Himachal Pradesh
  • Rajesh Chaudhary Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital Nagrota Bagwan, Himachal Pradesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212590

Keywords:

Bruxism, Cardiovascular diseases, Dental hygiene, Tooth wear index

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a huge social and economic impact all over the world. Therefore research needs to analyse emerging risk factors for CVDs. Bruxism is a health problem that has low prevalence in the community but may be associated with CVDs. It leads to poor oral health and significantly impacts the quality of life. Studies showing association of CVDs and Bruxism are sparse and, none in Indian context.

Methods: This study was conducted in two hospitals of Kangra region of Himachal Pradesh between the months of April 2020 to June 2020. Due to rising infection rates of COVID-19 cases, 160 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups. 80 patients with a positive history for CVD were included as cases while another 80 patients without any known history for CVD were included in the control group. Self-reporting questionnaire and tooth wear index (TWI) were used as research instruments.

Results: An unadjusted odd’s ratio of 2.43 (95% CI, 1.28-4.68) and p value of 0.0069, was found when only self-reported bruxism was taken into account. But when self-reporting of bruxism was combined with TWI, an unadjusted odd’s ratio (logit OR) of 3.16 (95% CI, 1.66-6.21) and p value of 0.000529 was found, explaining that the odds of having CVD are 3.16 times higher in patients with bruxism than in those without bruxism.

Conclusions: Bruxism is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases. More studies, with larger sample size are required to firmly establish the causative relationship between bruxism and CVDs.

References

Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. J Oral Rehab. 2001;1085-91.

Martynowicz H, Dymczyk P, Dominiak M, Kazubowska K, Skomro R, Poreba R, Gac P, Wojakowska A, Mazur G, Wieckiewicz M. Evaluation of Intensity of Sleep Bruxism in Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med. 2018;327.

Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, Paesani D, Lobbezoo F. Epidemiology of Bruxism in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Orofacial Pain. 2013;99-110.

Thorpy MJ. Classification of Sleep Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;687-701.

Marconcini S, Giammarinaro E, Cosola S, Giampietro C, Genovasi AM, Covani U, Giampietro O. Bruxism and Cardio Vascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Cardiol Ther. 2018;734-7.

Clark GT, Adler RC. A critical evaluation of occlusal therapy: occlusal adjustment procedures. J Am Dent Assoc. 1939;743-50.

Kato T, Thie NMR, Huynh N, Miyawaki S, Lavigne GJ. Topical review: Sleep Bruxism and the role of peripheral sensory influences. J Orofacial Pain. 2003;191-213.

Clark GT, Rugh JD, Handelman SL. Nocturnal Masseter Muscle Activity and Urinary Catecholamine Levels in Bruxers. J Dent Res. 1980;1571-6.

Karakoulaki S, Tortopidis D, Andreadis D, Koidis P. Relationship Between Sleep Bruxism and Stress Determined by Saliva Biomarkers. Int J Prosthodontics. 2015;467-74.

Lavigne GJ, Huynh N, Kato T. Genesis of sleep bruxism: Motor and autonomic-cardiac interactions. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;11:017.

World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Accessed on 27 April 2020.

Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Sharma M, Roth GA, Johnson C, Harikrishnan S, et al. The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;e1339-51.

Najafipour H, Mohammadi MT, Rahim F, Haghdoost AA, Shadkam M, Afshari M Association of Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors “Results from a Community Based Study on 5900 Adult Subjects.” ISRN Cardiol. 2013;1-6.

Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;121.

Smith BG, Knight JK. An index for measuring the wear of teeth. Br Dent J. 1984;156(12):435-8.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS. Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71:1269-324.

Dwyer JT, Melanson KJ, Sriprachy AU. Dietary Treatment of Obesity. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. 2000.

Castro ALS, Vianna MIP, Mendes CMC. Comparison of caries lesion detection methods in epidemiological surveys: CAST, ICDAS and DMF. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:122.

Atilgan Z, Buyukkaya R, Yaman F, Tekbas G, Atilgan S, Gunay A, Palanci Y, Guven S. Bruxism: is it a new sign of the cardiovascular diseases? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;1369-74.

Nashed A, Lanfranchi P, Rompré P, Carra MC, Mayer P, Colombo R, Huynh N, Lavigne G. Sleep Bruxism Is Associated with a Rise in Arterial Blood Pressure. Sleep. 2012;529-36.

Marthol H, Reich S, Jacke J, Lechner KH, Wichmann M, Hilz MJ. Enhanced sympathetic cardiac modulation in bruxism patients. Clin Autonom Res. 2006;276-80.

Hanamura H, Houston F, Rylander H, Carlsson GE, Haraldson T, Nyman S. Periodontal Status and Bruxism. J Periodontol. 1987;173-6.

Nakayama R, Nishiyama A, Shimada M. Bruxism-Related Signs and Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study. Open Dentist J. 2018;400-5.

Camara-Souza MB, De Figueredo OMC, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Association of sleep bruxism with oral health-related quality of life and sleep quality. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;245-51.

Batty GD, Jung KJ, Mok Y. Oral health and later coronary heart disease: A study of one million people. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(6):598-605.

Lockhart PB, Bolger AF, Papapanou PN. Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent association? A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:2520-44.

Alvarez GE, Beske SD, Ballard TP, Davy KP. Sympathetic neural activation in visceral obesity. Circulation. 2002;2533-6.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-25

How to Cite

Bhatia, R., H., D. N., Bhatnagar, M. K., Sood, S., Kumar, P., & Chaudhary, R. (2021). A hospital based case control study to explore the association between Bruxism and Cardiovascular diseases in Kangra region of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(7), 3371–3378. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212590

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles