Association of transfusion transmitted infections with ABO and Rh D blood group system in healthy blood donors: a retrospective analysis
Abstract
Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) involves several adverse consequences. Studies have shown that ABO blood groups have some association with various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Few blood groups even can act as a receptor and ligand for infectious agents. The objective of the study was to find out any significant association of TTIs with various ABO and Rh D blood group system.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2018. Blood donors’ blood was tested for ABO and Rh D grouping and five mandatory TTI markers as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Chi-square test was performed to look for any association of TTIs with ABO and Rh D blood group.
Results: 10,510 healthy donors were screened for TTI and 199 (1.89%) were positive for various TTIs. Hepatitis B had maximum prevalence (102 cases, 0.97%) followed by Hepatitis C (44 cases, 0.41%) and HIV (37 cases, 0.35%). Maximum TTI seroreactive donors were found among ‘B’ blood group (2.21%, 77 cases) followed group ‘A’ donors (2.16%, 53 cases), ‘O’ donors (1.57%, 60 cases) and ‘AB’ donors (1.17%, 9 cases), respectively. However, the risk of association of TTI was not statistically significant with ABO and Rh D blood group.
Conclusions: Although no significant association was observed between ABO and Rh D blood groups with TTIs, Hepatitis B was found to be most common infection in blood donors. This high prevalence points towards critical need of comprehensive public health approach to achieve elimination of TTI.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Chang L, Zhao J, Guo F, Ji H, Zhang L, Jiang X, et al. Demographic characteristics of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):514.
MOHFW, Government of India. Evolution of blood safety programme in India. In: An action plan for blood safety. National AIDS Control Organisation.2007. Avaialble at http://www. naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/An%20Action%20Plan%20for%20blood%20safety_2.pdf. Accessed on 10 August 2020.
Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, Weisman JD, Fan PT, Wolf RA, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med. 1981;305(24):1425-31.
Branch DR. Blood groups and susceptibility to virus infection: new developments. Curr Opin Hematol. 2010;17(6):558-64.
Rowley J, Toskin I, Ndowa F. Global estimate. In: Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections. 2008. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75181/9789241503839_eng.pdf. Accessed on 10 August 2020.
Who. Malaria. In: Who Malaria report. 2014. Available at https:// www. who. int/ malaria/ publications/ world _malaria _report_2014/en. Accessed on 10 August 2020.
Ewald DR, Sumner SC. Blood type biochemistry and human disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016;8(6):517-535.
Motswaledi MS, Kasvosve I, Oguntibeju OO. The role of red blood cells in enhancing or preventing HIV infection and other diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:758682.
Malik V. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. 22nd edition. Lucknow: Eastern Book Company. 2011:323.
Siransy LK, Nanga ZY, Zaba FS, Tufa NY, Dasse SR. ABO/Rh blood groups and risk of HIV infection and Hepatitis B among blood donors of Abidjan, Côte D'ivoire. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 2015;5(3):205-9.
Pourhassan A. Association between ABO blood/rhesus grouping and hepatitis B and C: a case-control study. Pak J Biol Sci. 2014;17(6):868-71.
Emeribe AO, Ejezie GC. ABO blood groups distribution in relation to hepatitis B surface antigen and the presence of lipoidophil antibodies. East Afr Med J. 1992;69(3):146-8.
Szmuness W, Prince AM, Cherubin CE. Serum hepatitis antigen (SH) carrier state: relation to ABO blood groups. Br Med J. 1971;2(5755):198-9.
Makroo RN, Chowdhry M, Bhatia A, Arora B, Rosamma NL. Prevalence of HIV among blood donors in a tertiary care centre of north India. Indian J Med Res. 2011;134(6):950-3.
Kaur G, Basu S, Kaur R, Kaur P, Garg S. Patterns of infections among blood donors in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study. Natl Med J India. 2010; 23:147-9.
Seña AC, White BL, Sparling PF. Novel Treponema pallidum serologic tests: a paradigm shift in syphilis screening for the 21st century. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(6):700-8.
Adegoke AO, Akanni OE. Survival of treponema pallidum in banked blood for prevention of Syphilis transmission. N Am J Med Sci. 2011;3(7):329-32.
Pallavi P, Ganesh CK, Jayashree K, Manjunath GV. Seroprevalence and trends in transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in a university hospital blood bank: a 5 year study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2011;27(1):1-6.
Srikrishna A, Sitalakshmi S, Damodar P. How safe are our safe donors? Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1999;42(4):411-6.
Tyagi S, Tyagi A. Possible correlation of transfusion transmitted diseases with Rh type and ABO blood group system. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(9):1930-1.
Liu J, Zhang S, Liu M, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y. Distribution of ABO/Rh blood groups and their association with hepatitis B virus infection in 3.8 million Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25(4):401-11.