Assessment of colour vision deficiency in medical students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20151568Keywords:
Colour vision deficiency, Medical students, Ishihara plates, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue testAbstract
Background: Colour is often using as an important sign in medical practice. Colour vision deficiency Present in 4.5% population. Prevalence of CVD in Caucasians is 8% for male and 0.4% for female. Ishihara plates not contain design for tritan defect and mild CVD. Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test detect all patterns and severity of CVD. Objectives: This study was done to find out incidence, determine patterns and severity of CVD and compare results of Ishihara plates and FM 100 hue test in medical students.
Methods:A cross sectional, comparative study was done in 500 medical students; were examined for CVD by Ishihara plates and FM100 hue test. Study data was entered and tabulated; frequency and Fischer’s test used for data analysis by Graphpad Instat trial version.
Results: Ishihara plate shows 1.80% have CVD, 1.60% male and 0.20% female students; among them 7 have severe and 2 have total CVD. FM 100 Hue test shows 15% have CVD, 11.80% male and 3.20% female students; among them 66 have mild, 2 have moderate and 7 have severe CVD. The patterns of CVD 0.40% have protan, 1.40% have deutan and 13.20% nonspecific deficiency by FM 100 Hue test.
Conclusions:The prevalence of CVD is more in male students by both tests. Results of tests compared by using Fisher’s exact test were statistically significant. Mild CVD and all patterns of CVD are not detected by Ishihara plates. So, we recommend FM 100 Hue test for severity and pattern of CVD.
References
Ryan SJ. 5th edition, volume-1 Retinal imaging and diagnosis. Srinivas Sadda, Basic science and translation to therapy-David Hinton. Section-1 colour vision and night vision; 285, Section-1 structure and function of rod and cone photoreceptors, 342.
Yanoff M, Duker JS. Ophthalmology.3rd edition. Mosby, 2008.
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Guyton- Textbook of Medical Physiology; 11th Edition. Unit X:The Nervous System: B, The Special Senses; chapter 50 The Eye, II. Receptor and Neural Function of Retina. 632-3.
Brarrett KE, Barman SM, Boitono S, Brooks HL. Ganong`s Review of Medical Physiology 24th Edition. chapter-9; Section II Central and Peripheral Neurophysiology, 193.
Spalding JA. Medical students and congenital colour vision deficiency; unnoticed problem and case of screening. Occupa Med (London). 1999;49:247-52.
Ishihara S. The Series of Plates Designed as a Test for Colour- Deficiency.
Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Colour Vision Test; www.color-blindness.com.
Spalding JAB. Colour vision deficiency in medical profession. British Journal of General Practice. 1999;49:469-75.
Pramanik T, Sherpa MT, Shrestha R. Colour vision deficiency among medical students; an unnoticed problem. Nepal Med Coll J. 2010;12(2):81-3.
Mughal IA, Ali L, Aziz N, Mehmood K, Afzal N Colour Vision Deficiency in medical students. Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Pak J Physiol. 2013;9(1).
McCulley TJ, Golnik KC, Lam BL. Effect of decreased visual acuity on clinical colour vision testing. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(1):194-6.
Hardy LGH, Rand G, Rittler CM. Tests for detection and analysis of colour blindness, An Evaluation of Ishihara Test. Arch Ophthalmol. 1945:34(4):295-302.
Huna-Baron R, Glovinsky Y, Habot-Wilner Z. Comparison between Hardy-Rand-Rittler 4th edition and Ishihara colour plate tests for detection of dyschromatopsias in optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo. 2013;251(2):585.
