Prevalence and correlates of low birth weight babies born in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203378Keywords:
Correlates, Low birth weight, Prevalence, PredictorsAbstract
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the long-standing birth outcomes amongst all adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have lasting influences in the later life span. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of LBW babies; to examine the correlation between maternal socio-demographic, lifestyle, obstetrics, and clinical factors with LBW; and to compare the above factors between mothers with low and normal birth weight babies.
Methods: All the pregnant women admitted for delivery in the inpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and providing informed consent were interviewed with the help of the semi-structured questionnaire. The antenatal card and labour room log book were also scrutinized for relevant data.
Results: The prevalence of LBW and VLBW were 33.8% and 2.8% respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between strenuous working environment, duration of standing, consumption of alcohol and smoking in pregnancy, previous history of premature birth and LBW babies, high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, total weight gain during pregnancy and gestational age at birth and LBW. Mothers of LBW and normal birth weight babies significantly differed in their age, total weight gain during pregnancy, religion, level of education, history of premature baby and LBW baby, high blood pressure and preeclampsia during pregnancy. In the regression model, there was also a significant positive linear relationship between LBW and strenuous work environment & gestational age at birth.
Conclusions: One third of the pregnant mothers delivered LBW child and various socio-demographic and clinical factors had significant correlation with LBW.
References
Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) Available at: URL: https:// data. worldbank. org/indicator/ SH.DYN.NMRT. Accessed on 12 April 2020.
Savitz DA, Picciotto HI, Poole C, Olshan AF. Epidemiologic measures of the course and outcome of pregnancy. Epidemiol Rev. 2002;24(2):91-101.
Kramer MS. The epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes: an overview. J Nutr. 2003;133(5):1592-6.
Sachdev HPS. LBW in South Asia. Int J Diab Dev Countries. 2001;21:13-31.
Matsuo H. The health consequences of lbw: literature review and critique. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8ac1/237a278b3e2245b409a6a9a2304c7ed7b8a8.pdf. Accessed on April 16 2020.
Blanc AK, Wardlaw T. Monitoring LBW: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(3):178-85.
Borema JT, Weinsstein KI, Rutstein SO, Sommerfelt AE. Data on birth weight in developing countries: can surveys help? Bull World Health Organ. 1996;74(2):209-16.
Global nutrition targets 2025. Low birth weight policy brief. Available at: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/globaltargets2025_policybrief_lbw/en/. Accessed on 16 April 2020.
Sunilbala K, Chaudhuri A, De D, Singh I. Assessment of factors associated with LBW babies born in RIMS hospital. IOSR J Dental Med Sci. 2015;14(11):1-3.
Agarwal G, Ahmed S, Goel K, Kumar V, Goel P, Garg M, et al. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates in a tertiary care hospital, northern India. J Community Med Health Educ. 2012;2:177.
Krishnamurty S. Maternal tobacco use and adverse reproductive outcome. Natl Med J India. 1997;10(1):2-4.
Johnson J, Abraham B, Stephenson BJ, Jehangir HM. Maternal risk factors affecting LBW babies: a case control study from tertiary care teaching hospital in rural southern India. Int J Med Biomed Res. 2001;7(11):790-4.
Dandekar HR, Shafee M, Sinha SP. Prevalence and risk factors affecting low birth weight in a district hospital at Perambalur, Tamilnadu. Global J Med Publ Health. 2014;3(2):68-71.
Patale PJ, Masare MS, Gokhe SS. A study of epidemiological co-relates of LBW babies born in tertiary care hospital. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018;6(3):1006-10.
Paneru DP, Naik VA, Nilgar BR, Malapur MD. Obstetric Risk factors for LBW amongst full term babies born at a tertiary care hospital of belagum district, South India. Natl J Community Med. 2014;5(1):81-4.
Dhar GM, Shah GN, Bhat IA, Butt N. Low birth weight: an outcome of poor socio-obstetric interaction. Indian J Matern Child Health. 1991;2(1):10-3.
Kiran A, Garg BS. A study of factors affecting LBW. Indian J Commu Med. 2000;25(2):57-61.
Mondal B. Risk factors for LBW in Nepali infants. Indian J Pediatr. 2000;67(7):477-82.
Kadam YR, Mimansa A, Chavan PV, Gore AD. Effect of prenatal exposure to kitchen fuel on birth weight. Indian J Community Med. 2013;38:212-6.
Dayanithi M. LBW and premature births and their associated maternal factors. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5:2277-85.
Naing L, Winn T, Rusli BN. Sample size calculator for prevalence studies, version 1.0.01. Available at: http://www.kck.usm.my/ppsg//stats_resource.htm. Accessed on 12 April 2020.
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. In: The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.
IBM Corp. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Nagargoje MM, Chaudhary SS, Deshmukh JS, Gupta SC, Mishra SK. A case control study for the risk factors of LBW in Nagpur city of Maharastra. Indian J Community Health. 2011;22(2):4-7.
Negi KS, Kandpal SD, Kukreti M. Epidemiological factors affecting LBW. JK Science. 2006;8(1):31-4.
Sen J, Roy A, Mondal N. Association of Maternal nutritional status, body composition and socioeconomic variables with low birth weight in India. J Trop Periatr. 2010;23(2):99-101.
Bisai S, Sen A, Mahalanabis D, Datta N, Bose K. The effect of maternal age and parity on birth weight among Bengalees of Kolkata, India. Human Ecology. 2006;14(1):139-43.
Sain S, Mukhopadhyay P, Saha TK, Chattopadhyay A, Dey I, Mandal KN. Effect of Maternal Factors on LBW Baby in a Medical College of Kolkata. J Compr Health. 2014;2(2):58-60.
Biswas R, Dasgupta A, Sinha RN, Chaudhuri RN. An epidemiological study of low birth weight newborns in the district of Puruliya, West Bengal. Indian J Public Health. 2008;52(2):65-71.
Dasgupta A, Basu R, Determinants of LBW in a block of Hooghly, West Bengal: a multivariate analysis. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2(4):838-42.
Nerlekar JP, Nalwade VM, Reddy NS. Effect of maternal factors on outcome of pregnancy. Indian J Nutr Diet. 1999,36:320-4.
Padda P, Kishore S, Srivastava AK. Impact of biosocial characteristics of the mother on birth weight of the Newborn. Indian J Community Health. 2011;23(2):99-101.
Park K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 25th ed. India: Bhanot Publishers; 2019.