Assessment of the salivary glucose as a non-invasive test for diabetic patients

Kajol Thapa; Saroj Kunwar; Sonu Thapa; Asmita Phuyal; Sahil Rupakheti

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192286

Authors

Kajol Thapa Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal
Saroj Kunwar Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal
Sonu Thapa Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal
Asmita Phuyal Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal
Sahil Rupakheti Department of Medicine, Star Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192286

Keywords:

Fasting blood glucose, Fasting salivary glucose, Diabetes mellitus, Noninvasive

Abstract

Background: Over the recent year there has been a startling rise in the number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Estimation of blood glucose levels has been an essential laboratory investigation for screening and monitoring of diabetes. Saliva is one of the secretions in human body whose collection is easy and non-invasive. Salivary glucose hence could serve as an easy and non-invasive tool.

Methods: Institutional review committee of NHRC gave us permission to carry out this study. 105 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended the OPD at Star hospital, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal and 106 healthy individuals were consented to participate in this study. Glucose was measured by the GOD-POD (Glucose oxidase peroxidase) methods using the semi-autoanalyser and salivary glucose was compared with corresponding blood glucose levels.

Results: A significant positive correlation of fasting salivary glucose level and fasting blood glucose level was observed in healthy (r=0.241, p=0.001) and in diabetic patients (r=0.202, p=0.001).

Conclusions: The study implies a potential for saliva in monitoring and screening of diabetes mellitus.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Kajol Thapa, Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal

Department of Biochemistry, Instructor

References

Burtis, Bruns, Teitz. Kidney function test. Teitz Textbook of clinical chemistry & Molecular Diagnostic. Philadephia: Elsevier publishers; 2013: 1415-1435.

Singh. Comparison of the salivary and plasma glucose level in the type –II Diabetics Patient’s. Res Adv Dent. 2014;3(1):263-8.

Akasapu A, Hegde U, Niti P, Correlation of the blood glucose levels with salivary glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Current trends Biomedical Engineering Biosci. 2017;6(1):555679.

Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study design in medical research? Indian J Psychological Med. 2013;35(2)121-6.

Gyawali B, Sharma R, Neupane D, Mishra S, Teijlingen E, Kallestrup P. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a systematic review and meta analysis from 2000 to 2014. Glob Health Action. 2015;8:29088.

Agrawal RP, Sharma N, Rathore MS, Gupta VB, Jain S, Agarwal V, et al, Noninvasive method for the Glucose level Estimation by Saliva. J Diabetes Metab. 2013;4:5.

Amer S, Yousuf M, Siddiqui PQ, Alam J. Salivary glucose concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus—a minimally invasive technique for monitoring blood glucose levels. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2001;14(1):33-37.

Darwazeh AM, MacFarlane TW, McCuish A, Lamey PJ. Mixed salivary glucose levels and candidal carriage in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Oral Pathol Med. 1991;20:280-3.

Sreedevi, Shashikanth MC, Shambulingappa P. Comparison of plasma glucose and salivary glucose in diabetic patients. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2008;20(1):9-13.

Abhikshyeet P, Ramesh V, Oza N. Glucose estimation in the salivary secretion of diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012;5:149-154.

Vasconcelos AC, Soares MS, Almeida PC, Soares TC. Comparative study of the concentration of salivary and blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. J Oral Sci 2010;52(2):293-8.

Yamaguchi M, Mitsumori M, Kano Y. Development of noninvasive procedure for monitoring the blood glucose levels using saliva. Eng Med Biol Soc. 1998;(4):1763-6.

Marchetti P, Tognarelli M, Giannarelli R, Grossi C, Picaro L, di Carlo A, et al. Decreased salivary glucose secretory rate: usefulness for detectionOf diabeteic patients with autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1989;7(3):181-6.

Forbat LN, Collins RE, Maskell GK, Sönksen PH. Glucose concentrations in parotid fluid and venous blood of patients attending a diabetic clinic. J R Soc Med. 1981;74(10):725-8.

Carda C Mosquera-Lloreda N Salom L, Gomez de Ferraris ME, Peydró A. Structural and functional salivary disorders in type 2 diabetic patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11(4):E309-14.

Englander HR, Jeffay AI, Fuller JB, Chauncey HH. Glucose concentrations in blood plasma and parotid saliva of individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. J Dent Res. 1963;42:1246.

Naik VV, Satpathy Y, Pilli GS, Mishra MN. Comparison and cor-relation of glucose levels in serum and saliva of patients with dia-betes mellitus. Indian J Pub Health Res Dev. 2011;2(1):103-105.

Aydin S. A comparison of ghrelin, glucose, alpha-amylase and protein levels in saliva from diabetics. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;40(1):29-35.

Bernardi MJ, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Kehrig R, Leite MF, Nicolau J. Study of the buffering capacity, pH and salivary flow rate in type 2 well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2007;5(1):73-78.

Ben-Aryeh H, Cohen M, Kanter Y, Szargel R, Laufer D. Salivary composition in diabetic patients. J Diabet Complications. 1988;2(2):96-99.

Komal Smriti, BDS, MDS, Keerthilatha M. pai, BDS,MDS, Salivary glucose as a Diagnostic marker for Diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes science and Technology 2016;10(4):991-92.

Kaufman E, Lamster IB. The diagnostic applications of saliva-a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):197-212.