Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among indigenous people of Toba Qom ethnic, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay

Authors

  • Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira Norberg São Carlos Metropolitan School – FAMESC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Maria Laura Meister Villalba Volunteer Health Promoters in San Francisco de Asis community, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay
  • Larissa Duarte Ortellado Volunteer Health Promoters in San Francisco de Asis community, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay
  • Marcelo Coronel Health Agent in San Francisco de Asis community, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay
  • Paulo César Ribeiro Iguaçu University – UNIG, Brazilian Army Biology Institute – IBEx, Brazil
  • Antonio Neres Norberg São Carlos Metropolitan School – FAMESC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Souza Marques Medicine School– FTESM, UNIABEU/PROBIN University Center Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182605

Keywords:

Staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriers, Indigenous people, Sinusitis, Rinitis

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus are Gram positive cocci components of the normal microbiota of the skin and mucosa, but can attack other sites of the organism depending on favourable conditions. The condition of host of this bacterium colonizing the nasal mucosa is recognized as a potential risk factor for subsequent invasive infections. This research had the objective to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among Toba Qom indigenous ethnic group of the San Francisco de Asis community, Paraguay, and to determine the sensitivity profile to antimicrobial agents.

Methods: 141 samples of the nasal cavities were analyzed. Isolation and identification were performed by conventional microbiological methods, by the staining characteristics of the Gram method, catalase and coagulase tests, mannitol fermentation test and deoxyribonuclease test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the agar diffusion technique according to a procedure standardized by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

Results: 22 of the 141 individual examined samples were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, which corresponds to a prevalence of 15.6%.

Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant strains were not isolated. All samples presented good sensitivity to most antibiotics except for nalidixic acid, which all samples presented resistance. 

References

Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA. Microbiologia Médica. Rio d Janeiro, McGraw Hill; 2009.

Levinson V. Microbiologia Médica e Imunologia. Porto Alegre, Artmed; 2010.

Trabulsi LR, Alterthum F. Microbiologia. São Paulo, Atheneu; 2014.

Coura JR. Dinâmica das Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan; 2013.

Veronesi R, Focaccia R. Tratado de Infectologia. São Paulo, Atheneu; 2015.

Porth CM, Matfin G. Fisiopatologia. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan; 2010.

Norberg AN, Pile EA, Paiva CO, Gomes N, Ribeiro PC, Guerra-Sanches F. S. aureus como agente etiológico de infecção hospitalar. Rev Cienc Biol Saúde. 2002;3(1):61-3.

Paiano M, Bedendo J. Resistência antimicrobiana de amostras de S. aureus isoladas de recém-nascidos vivos saudáveis. Rev Eletrônica de Enfermagem. 2009;11(4):841-6.

Sollid JUE, Furberg AS, Hanssen AM, Johannessen M. Staphylococus aureus: determinants of human carriage. Infect Gen Evolution. 2017;21:531-41.

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Microbiologia Médica. Rio de Janeiro, Elsevier; 2014.

NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Disc Susceptibility Tests. Approved Standard. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, P.A. Publication M2-A5, 1993.

Kloss WE, Bannermann TL. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington: ASM, 1999.

Koneman EW, Stephen DA. Diagnóstico Microbiológico. Rio de Janeiro, Médico-Científica, 2001.

Ayepola OO, Taiwo SO, Anifowose A, Onille-ere O. Nasal carriage of S. aureus and associated risk factores among students in a Nigerian university. Acta Scientific Microbiology. 2018;1(2):6-8.

Russomando KC, Toledo NJ, Fariña N, Pereira A, Rodríguez F, Guillen RM, Russomando G. Portación de S. aureus multiresistentes a antimicrobianos en cavidad bucal de niños que concurren para un tratamiento en una clínica odontológica, Paraguay. Pediatr (Asunción). 2014;41(3):201-7.

Odorizzi VF, Rocha JMN, Norberg PRBM, Oliveira GG, Araújo RKS, Norberg AN. Asymptomatic nasal carriers of S. aureus among indigenous people of Xerente ethnic, Tocantínia city, Province of Tocantins, Brazil. Int J Scientific Sci Tech. 2018;4(2):1536-42.

Anton K, Lista MG, Vegas ES, Yasis LA, Araque Y, Betancourt J. Bacterias patógenas aisladas en la nasofaringe de niños indígenas Warao, estado de Sucre, Venezuela. Rev Soc Venezolana Microbiol. 2011;31:112-7.

Coimbra-Jr CEA, Santos RV, Tanus R. Estudos epidemiológicos entre grupos indígenas de Rondônia. Piodermites e portadores inaparentes de Staphylococcus spp. na boca e nariz entre os Suruí e Karitiana. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1985;27(1):13-9.

Abraão LM, Fortaleza CMCB, Barbosa TA, Pereira-Franchi EPL, Riboli BF, Camargo CH. Clonal dissemination of methicillin sensitive and resistant S. aureus among indigenous populations of the Amazon and the southeast region in Brazil. Antimicrobial Resistance Infections Control. 2015;4(1):194.

Bastos VMP, Norberg AN, Madeira-Oliveira JT, Guerra-Sanches F, Barreto-Jr OS, Serra-Freire NM. Comparçarão da incidência, da prevalência da colonização e da resistência de S. aureus em diferentes populações humanas. Rev Uniabeu. 2013;13(6):28-40.

Kluitmans J, van Belkin A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of S. aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10(3):505-20.

Bowen AC, Tong SYC, Chatgield MD, Corapetis JR. The microbiology of impetigo in indigenous children: associations between Streptococcus pyogenes, S. aureus, scabies and nasal carriage. Biomed Central Infect Dis. 2014;14:3854.

Calderini M, Sanábria G, Taboada A, Samaniego S, Irala J, Estigarribia GB. Colonización nasal de S. aureus y su relación com afectación sistémica en pacientes adultos internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Rev Inst Med Trop. 2015;10(2):13-6.

Isidre RAS, Acosta FR, Vargas CRC, Romero GAV, Perrota JFP, Fretes RMG. Molecular characterization of S. aureus isolates obtained from hemodialyzed patients at the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay: a pilot study. Int J Med Stud 2017;5(1):184-9.

Queste CM, Ortiz EDV, Lezcano PB, Sánches SH, Santander MG, Nogueira SA et al. Prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus en niños con discapacidad. Rev Fac Cienc Salud. 2016;3(1):35-40.

Chambers HF. The changing epidemiology of S. aureus? Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:178–82.

Downloads

Published

2018-06-22

How to Cite

Norberg, P. R. B. M., Villalba, M. L. M., Ortellado, L. D., Coronel, M., Ribeiro, P. C., & Norberg, A. N. (2018). Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among indigenous people of Toba Qom ethnic, Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 5(7), 2720–2725. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182605

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles