Depression and anxiety among people living with HIV in a coastal city of Karnataka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182625Keywords:
HIV, Depression, Anxiety, Coastal KarnatakaAbstract
Background: Living with HIV/AIDS not only hampers physical health but also mental and social well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV in the coastal city of Karnataka.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a community based organization in Mangaluru. It involved 169 study participants selected by simple random sampling technique. After the informed consent, the data was collected by interviewer’s method using Beck’s depression scale and Hamilton’s anxiety scale. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 22.
Results: Of the 169 participants, the most prevalent age at diagnosis of HIV infection was found to be 26-34yrs (40.8%) and 57.9% belonged to rural community. 22% of them had borderline clinical depression and 12% had mild to moderate anxiety. Depression and age at diagnosis (χ2=35.199, p=0.00); relationship status (χ2=6.241, p=0.00) showed a significant association.
Conclusions: Though counselling is a part of ART services but still there is lack of follow up of cases and assessing the need of psychiatric support.
References
National AIDS Control Organization. Annual report 2015-16.
Unnikrishnan B, Jagannath V, Ramapuram J, Achappa B, Madi D. Study of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Coastal South India. ISRN AIDS. 2012;2012:1-4.
Charles B, Jeyaseelan L, Pandian A, Sam A, Thenmozhi M, Jayaseelan V. Association between stigma, depression and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in South India – a community based cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:463.
L’akoa R, Noubiap J, Fang Y, Ntone F, Kuaban C. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in HIV-positive patients: a cross-sectional study among newly diagnosed patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):228.
Morrison M, Petitto J, Have T, Gettes D, Chiappini M, Weber A, et al. Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Women With HIV Infection. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(5):789-96.
Gonzalez J, Batchelder A, Psaros C, Safren S. Depression and HIV/AIDS Treatment Nonadherence: A Review and Meta-analysis. J Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2011;58(2):181-7.
Berhe H, Bayray A. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Tigray, North Ethopia: A cross sectional hospital based study. Int J Pharma Sci Res. 2013;4(2):765-75.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77– 100.
Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 1959;32:50–5.
Kaneez S. Depression and coping mechanism among HIV/AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy. Indian J Soc Psychiatry. 2016;32:149-53.
Savetsky JB, Sullivan LM, Clarke J, Stein MD, Samet JH. Evolution ofdepressive symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients entering primary care. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2001;189(2):76–83.
Lyketsos CG, Hanson A, Fishman M, McHugh PR, Treisman GJ: Screening for psychiatric morbidity in a medical outpatient clinic for HIV infection: the need for a psychiatric presence. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1994;24(2):103-13.