Prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among male industrial workers in India

Authors

  • Pratibha Suresh Wankhade Department of Occupational Health, MedInd Concepts Health Services, Mulund West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Ratnaprabha Bhalchandra Pedhambkar Department of Preventive Medicine, MedInd Concepts Health Services, Mulund West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Rajani Satish Pagare Department of Physiotherapy, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlala Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Fergusson Campus, Shivaji Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
  • Bhalchandra Sonu Pedhambkar Occupational Physician, Owens Corning India Private Limited, Taloja, Raigad, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181217

Keywords:

Prevalence, Dyslipidemia, Risk factors, Industrial workers

Abstract

Background: Lipid Abnormalities are major risk factors for coronary artery diseases. Prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in India shown by various studies due to lifestyle changes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with body fat percentage, body mass index, diabetes, tobacco use and hypertension.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 male employees from a packaging and binding industry in Maharashtra. Behavioural data, anthropometric measurements and blood collection were conducted by trained staff using standard instruments.

Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group between 30-60 years. Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 50.7% among study subjects.15.3%, 27% 62%, 23% and 50.7% of participants had high serum cholesterol, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), high low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high cholesterol/HDL ratio respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed abnormal cholesterol level was associated with high body fat percentage and hypertension. Abnormal triglyceride level was associated with high blood sugar and hypertension. High LDL level was associated only with hypertension. Abnormal HDL level and high cholesterol/HDL ratio was strongly associated with age (>40 years).

Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among male industrial workers in India. Screening programs should be conducted at work places for early detection of dyslipidemia. Information, education and communication (IEC) programs based on lifestyle modification like healthy diet habits, regular physical activity for weight control and tobacco cessation need to be implemented at work places.

Author Biography

Pratibha Suresh Wankhade, Department of Occupational Health, MedInd Concepts Health Services, Mulund West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Consultant ( Preventive Medicine) Med Ind CONCEPTS.

Family Physician (Navi Mumbai)

References

Merck Manual Last full review/revision 2015 by Anne Carol Goldberg, MD.

Caroll MD, Lacher DA, Sorlie PD. Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960–2002. JAMA. 2005;294:1773–81.

Alwan A. Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Report World Health Organization, 2009.

Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349:1269–76.

The global burden of disease: 2004 update. World Health Organization, 2008.

NCEP. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–421.

Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CNB. Implications of recent clinical trials for the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110(2):227–39.

Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, et al. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia: the task force for the management of dyslipidemia of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and the European atherosclerosis society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2011;32(14):1769–818.

Stone J, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, Merez CNB, Conrad B, Eckel RH, et al. ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013.

Anderson TJ, Gregoire J, Hegele RA, Couture P, Mancini J, Pherson RM, et al. 2012 update of the Canadian cardiovascular society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Canadian J Cardiol. 2013;29(2):151–67.

Bonow RO, Smaha LA, Smith Jr SC, Bonow RO, Smaha LA, Smith Jr SC, et al. World Heart Day 2002: the international burden of cardiovascular disease: responding to the emerging global epidemic. Circulation. 2002;106:16.

In: Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, eds. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

Groundy SM, Small LDL. Atherogenic dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 1997;95:1–4.

Global status report on Non Communicable Diseases 2010, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010. Chronic disease - prevention and control, 2010.

Lee MH, Kim HC, Vogue S, Wook N, Phil D, Gyu C, et al. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998-2005. Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(1):43-55.

Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2008.

An International Atherosclerosis Society Position Paper: Global Recommendations for the Management of Dyslipidemia.

Wu Z, Yao C, Zhao D, Wu G, Wang W, Liu J. Cardiovascular disease risk factor levels and their relations to CVD rates in China – Results of Sino-MONICA project. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11:275–83.

Qi L, Ding X, Tang W, Li Q, Mao D, Wang Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia in Chongqing, China, Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:13455-65.

Joshi SR, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Bhansali A, Dhandania VK, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban & rural India. The ICMR INDIAB study (ICMR-INDIAB-7), PLoSOne. 2014;9:e96808.

Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. Report of WHO/IDF Consultation, 2006.

A global brief on Hypertension, silent killer, global public health crises World Health Day 2013.

Sport and Nutrition, second edition (Human Kinetics, normal ranges of body weight and body fat by Asker Jeukendrup, and Michael Gleeson).

Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, et al. ICMR–INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes and pre diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54:3022–7.

Estari M, Reddy AS, Bikshapathi T, Satyanarayana J, Venkanna L, Reddy MK. The investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biol Med. 2009;1(2):61-65.

Prabhakaran O, Jayasree AK, Karunakaran U, Venugopalan A, Divakaran B, Mayamol TR, et al. Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia among adults aged over 30 years in a rural area of north Kerala, India: a cross-sectional study, WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, 2016.

Khader YS, Batieha A, El Khateeb M. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among Jordanian adults. J Clin Lipidol. 2010;4(1):53–8.

Huxley RR, Barzi F, Lam TH. Isolated Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 23 Studies in the Asia-Pacific Region, Circulation AHA, 111, 2011.

Petrella RJ, Merikle E, Jones J. Prevalence and treatment of dyslipidemia in Canadian primary care: A retrospective cohort analysis. Clin Therap. 2007;29(4):742-50.

Mohammadbeigi A, Moshiri E, Mohammadsalehi N, Ansari H, Ahmadi A. Dyslipidemia Prevalence in Iranian Adult Men: The Impact of Population-Based Screening on the Detection of Undiagnosed Patients. World J Mens Health. 2015;33(3):167-73.

Aekplakorn W, Taneepanichskul S, Pattapong K, Virasakdi C, Panwaadeede P, Sritara P, et al. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Management in the Thai Population, National Health Examination Survey IV, 2009 Journal of Lipids. 2014(2014):249584.

Al-Kaabba AF, Al-Haman NA, El Tahir A, Abdalla AM, Saeed AA, Hamza MA. Prevalence and Correlates of Dyslipidemia among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Results from a National Survey, Open J Endocrine Metabolic Dis. 2012;2(4):89-97.

Tabatabaei-Malazy O1, Qorbani M2, Samavat T3, Sharifi F4, Larijani B5, Fakhrzadeh H. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study, Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):373-93.

Erem C, Hacihasanoglu A, Deger O, Kocak M, Topbas M. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors among Turkish adults. Trbzon Lipid study. Endocrine, 2008,34:36-51.

Oguejiofor OC, Onwukwe CH, Odenigbo CU. Dyslipidemia in Nigeria: Prevalence and pattern. Annals African Med. 2012;11(4):197-202.

Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA, Rohde, Robert Garison FC, Obaranek E, et al. Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. Obesity Res. 2000;8(9):605-19.

Downloads

Published

2018-03-23

How to Cite

Wankhade, P. S., Pedhambkar, R. B., Pagare, R. S., & Pedhambkar, B. S. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among male industrial workers in India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 5(4), 1458–1465. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181217

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles