Prevalence and its risk factors of diabetic patients in urban area of Palakkad: an observational study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174239Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Risk factors, Urban areaAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is emerging as a major health-care challenge for India. The worldwide prevalence of DM has risen dramatically in the developing countries over the past two decades. Most studies from western countries and urban studies of India point out that lifestyle changes, sedentary life, diet and related epidemiological transition as major risk factors in the development of DM.
Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study done in urban area covered under urban primary health Centre (UPHC) of Govt. Medical College, Palakkad. Adults more than 30 years of age in urban area were included and observation period was from 2016-2017.
Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the present study was found to be 268 (65.68%). In this 135 (50.37%) were the age group is 50-59 years and almost half 80 (29.85%) were diagnosed at the age of 40-49 years. Similarly, the risk factors such as age, occupation, diet, smoking, alcohol, truncal obesity and family history were significantly associated with prevalence of T2DM whereas alcohol and hypertension were not.
Conclusions: The result of the present study proves that prevalence of T2DM was influenced by many risk factors like age, diet, dyslipidaemia, truncal obesity and family history consider more important in the urban studies.
Metrics
References
Kanaya AM, Wassel CL, Mathur D. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in South asian indians in the United States: findings from the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in South asians living in america study and the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Metabolic Syndrome Related Disorders. 2010;8(2):157-64.
Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125(3):217-30.
Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54:3022-7.
Thankappan KR, Shah B, Mathur P. Risk factor profile for chronic non-communicable diseases: results of a community-based study in Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res. 2010;131:53-63.
Menon VU, Guruprasad U, Sundaram KR, Jayakumar RV, Nair V, Kumar H. Glycaemic status and prevalence of comorbid conditions among people with diabetes in Kerala. Natl Med J India. 2008;21(3):112-5.
American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standard of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(1):S33-43.
Saurabh S, Sarkar S, Selvaraj K, Kar S, Kumar SG, Roy G. Effectiveness of foot care education among people with type 2 diabetes in rural Puducherry, India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18:106.
Ambady R, Chamukuttan S. Early diagnosis and prevention of diabetes in developing countries. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2008;9:193–201.
World Health Organization (1999), Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Geneva: Department of Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance. Available at Http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/who-ncd_ncs- 99.2.pdf.
Somannavar S, Ganesan A, Deepa M, Datta M, Mohan V. Random capillary blood glucose cut points for diabetes and pre-diabetes derived from community-based opportunistic screening in India. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:641-3.
Toshimi S, Hiroyasu I, Akio N, Takako H, Fujiko I, Yoko S, Atsushi M, Hisayuki F. Cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:158-62.
de Lima CLJ, de Oliveira PS, Ferreira TMC, da Silva EC, Ferreira JDL, de Andrade RS, et al. Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus. An Integrative Rev. 2016;9(308):1-11.
Ramachandran A, Jali MV, Mohan V, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan M. High prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in south india. Br Med J. 1988;297:587-90.
Prabhakaran D, Chaturvedi V, Ramakrishnan L. Risk factors related to the development of diabetes in men working in a north Indian industry. National Med J India. 2005;20(1):4-10.
Edelstein SL, Knowler WC, Bain RP. Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studies. Diabetes. 1997;46:701-10.
Binkley JK, Eales J, Jekanowski M. The relation between dietary change and rising US obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:1032–9.
Khan S, Hull R, Utzschneider K. Review Article Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2006;444:840-6.
Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000;104:473-81.
Astrup AJ, Dyerberg M, Selleck, Stender S. Nutrition transition and its relationship to the development of obesity and related chronic diseases. Obesity Reviews. 2008;9(1):48- 52.
Sakai Y, Yamaji T, Tabata S. Relation of alcohol use and smoking to glucose tolerance status in Japanese men. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006;73:83-8.
Howard A, Arnsten J and Gourevitch M. Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus. Annals of Int Med. 2004;140:211-9.
Moore WV, Fredrickson D, Brenner A. Prevalence of hypertension in patients with type II diabetes in referral versus primary care clinics. J Diabetes Complications.1998;12(6):302–6.
Michael EH, Jussara MC, Alexandre AS, Luis AJ, Zhen W, John EH. Obesity, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2014;7:75-88.
Narkiewicz K. Obesity and hypertension- the issue is more complex than we thought. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(2):264-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
