Clinico -epidemiological study of human rabies cases attending epidemic disease hospital Mysore city, Karnataka, India

Praveen Kulkarni; Vamadeva Giriyapura Marulappa; Renuka Manjunath

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173330

Authors

Praveen Kulkarni Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Vamadeva Giriyapura Marulappa Former District Surgeon, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Renuka Manjunath Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173330

Keywords:

Rabies, Epidemic Disease, Retrospective, Dog bite

Abstract

Background: Rabies is the 10^thbiggest cause of death due to infectious diseases worldwide. It is estimated that 2.5 billion people across 100 countries are at risk of contracting rabies. India reports 20,000 human rabies deaths annually which constitutes one third of global mortalities pertaining to the disease.

Methods: Retrospective 15 years case record analysis was undertaken at Epidemic Disease hospital, Mysore. All the records of human rabies cases reported to the hospital from January 1999 to December 2013 were analyzed. Details regarding socio-demographic characteristics, exposure, post exposure prophylaxis, incubation period, duration of survival were collected in a structured proforma.

Results: Among 100 human rabies reported in fifteen years, majority 76 (76.0%) were above the age of 14 years, 83 (83%) were males, 61 (61%) were belonging to lower socio economic status. Exposure to dogs was noted among 95 (95%) cases. Only 12 (12%) victims had washed the wound with soap and water, 41 (41%) had received antirabies vaccine of whom only 06 (14.6%) received full course.

Conclusions: Majority of human rabies cases observed in the present study was among adults. Dog was the chief reservoir of infection. Poor post exposure prophylaxis was an important factor responsible for rabies.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Baxter JM. One in a million, or one in thousand: What is the morbidity of rabies in India? J Global Health. 2012;2(1):010303.

Sudarshan MK, Madhusudana SN, Mahendra BJ, Rao NSN, Ashwath Narayana DH, Abdul Rahman S, et al. Assessing the burden of human rabies in India: results of a national multi-center epidemiological survey. Int J Infect Dis. 2007;11:29-35.

Sudarshan MK, Mahendra BJ, Madhusudana SN, Ashwath Narayana DH, Rahman A, Rao NSN, et al. An Epidemiological Study of Animal Bites in India: Results of A WHO Sponsored National Multi-Centric Rabies Survey. J Commun Dis. 2006;38(1):32-9.

Wilson S, Morris SK, Rajesh K, David WA, Mary WJ, Prabhat J. Deaths from Symptomatically Identifiable Furious Rabies in India: A Nationally Representative Mortality Survey. PLOS Neglected Trop Dis. 2012;6(10):e1847.

Gohil HK, Dhillon R, Tiwari KN. Human rabies situation in and around Delhi. J Assoc Prev Control Rabies India. 2003;5(2):11-5.

Sudarshan MK, Nagaraj S, Savitha B, Veena SG. An epidemiological study of rabies in Bangalore city. J Indian Med Assoc. 1995;93:14-6.

Agarwal N, Reddajah VP. Epidemiology of dog bites: a community-based study in India. Trop Doct. 2004;34(2):76-80.

Cleaveland S, Fevre EM, Kaare M, Coleman PG. Estimating human rabies mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania from dog bite injuries. Bull World Health Organ. 2002:304-10.

Masthi NR, Undi M. Global Positioning System: a new tool for measurement of animal bites in a rural area near Bangalore, South India. Trop Doct. 2014;44(4):223-5.

Prasad BG. Changes proposed in Social classification of Indian families. J of Indian Med Assoc. 1970;55:98-9.

Narayana A, Manoharan A, Narayan MS, Kalappa SM, Biligumba G, Haradanahalli R, et al. Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of 2 WHO prequalified rabies vaccines administered by one week, 4 site intra dermal regimen (4-4-4-0-0) in animal bite cases. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2015;11(7):1748-53.

Sekhon AS, Singh A, Kaur P, Gupta S. Misconceptions and Myths in the management of animal bite case. Indian J Community Med. 2002;27(1):9-11

Singh J, Jain DC, Bhatia R, Ichhpujani RL, Harit AK, Panda RC, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Delhi and surrounding areas. Indian Paediatr. 2001;38:1354-60.

Ichhpujani RL, Chhabra M, Mittal V, Singh J, Bhardwaj M, Bhattacharya D et al.. Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Rabies cases in India A Multicentric study. J Commun Dis. 2008;40(1):27-36.

Shankaraiah RH, Rajashekar RA, Veena V, Hanumanthaiah AD. Compliance to anti-rabies vaccination in post-exposure prophylaxis. Indian J Public Health. 2015;59:58-60.

Masthi NRR, Narayana DHA, Kulkarni P, Gangaboraiah, Belludi A. Epidemiology and prevention of animal bite and human rabies in a rural community-One health experiment. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2014;4(1):S486-90.

Kulkarni P, Masthi NRR, Narayana DHA. Incidence of animal bites exposures and rabies: Comparison of data from reporting units and household surveys in a rural area in South India. APCRI Journal. 2014;15(2):6-9.

Sudarshan MK, Narayana DHA, Masthi NRR, Satyanarayana ML, Kulkarni P, Madhusudana SN et al. Rural Rabies Prevention Project - A ‘One Health’ Experiment in India: An Overview. Int J Trop Dis Health. 2013;3(2):104-13.