Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer and screening practices among women of reproductive age in Nandi County, Kenya

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Kenya. Despite the availability of screening services, uptake among women remains low. This study assessed knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and their influence on screening practices among women of reproductive age in Nandi County, Kenya.

Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed among 341 women aged 20-49 years attending maternal and reproductive health services at Kapsabet Referral Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to examine relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and screening practices.

Results: Most respondents (83.8%) had heard about cervical cancer, although detailed knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, and screening methods was moderate. Positive attitudes towards screening were reported by the majority of participants, with 79.4% agreeing that screening is beneficial. However, screening uptake remained low. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between knowledge and screening uptake (r=0.38, p<0.05) and between attitudes and screening practices (r=0.41, p<0.05).

Conclusions: Although respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes towards cervical cancer screening, actual screening uptake remained low. Addressing socio-cultural barriers, misconceptions, and limited access to screening services is essential to improve cervical cancer screening practices among women in rural Kenya.