Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in a rural village of district Raigad in Maharashtra: a community-based cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20261421Keywords:
Hypertension, Waist circumference, Risk factors, Non-communicable diseases, MaharashtraAbstract
Background: Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Rural areas of India are increasingly experiencing a rising burden due to epidemiological transition, lifestyle changes and population ageing. Reliable district-level data are essential to guide targeted public health interventions under national non-communicable disease control programs.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among 302 adults aged ≥30 years in Poyanje and Poyanje-wadi villages, Raigad district, Maharashtra. Participants were selected by random household sampling. Blood pressure was measured using a validated digital sphygmomanometer and the average reading was recorded. Socio-demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle-related risk factors were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of hypertension.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 29.8% (95% CI: 24.6–35.0). Among participants, 19.5% were newly diagnosed and 10.3% were known cases. Prevalence increased significantly with age (p=0.003). Independent predictors included age 45–59 years (AOR 2.25), age ≥60 years (AOR 7.11), very high waist circumference (AOR 3.16) and smoking (AOR 3.83).
Conclusions: Nearly one-third of adults in this rural population were hypertensive, with many newly diagnosed. Advancing age, central obesity, clustering of NCD risk factors and smoking were significant determinants. Strengthening community-based screening, early detection and lifestyle modification strategies should be prioritized.
References
World Health Organization. Hypertension fact sheet. Geneva: WHO. 2023.
Anchala R. Hypertension in India: a systematic review. J Hypertens. 2014;32:1170–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000146
Ramakrishnan S. Prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults. Indian Heart J. 2019;71:309–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2019.09.012
Bhise MD, Patra S. Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in Maharashtra. PLoS One. 2018;13:191948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191948
Jonas JB. Hypertension in rural central India. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:347–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2009.276
India Hypertension Control Initiative. WHO India. 2022.
Meshram II. Waist circumference and hypertension in rural India. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15:65–70.
Chockalingam A. Worldwide epidemic of hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2006;22:553–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0828-282X(06)70275-6
Mishra CP, Bansal M, Kumar S. Prevalence and predictors of hypertension: evidence from a study of rural India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11:1234-40.
Lal D, Virk AK, Bhardwaj A. Association between smoking and hypertension among males aged >15 years in India: evidence from NFHS-5. PLoS One. 2024;19(5):294898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294898
Sathish T, Kannan S, Sarma PS, Razum O, Thankappan KR. Incidence of hypertension and its risk factors in rural Kerala, India. Public Health. 2012;126:25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.002
Murarkar S, Lokare P. Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among adults in rural India. Indian J Public Health. 2023;67:30-6.
Bhardwaj SD. Prevalence awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among the people above 15 years in rural area Nagpur Maharashtra-a cross-sectional study. Nat J Community Med. 2012;3(2):213-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
