Anorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a child: a case report

Abstract

Primary gastrointestinal malignancies constitute approximately 2% of pediatric neoplasms, and colorectal carcinoma is the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy after primary liver tumors. Anorectal adenocarcinoma in children is exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a 3-month history of recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea mixed with mucus and blood, and intermittent rectal bleeding, and was found to have a rectal mass. A per-rectal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed locally advanced disease without distant metastasis. The patient was evaluated by a multidisciplinary team to determine the optimal therapeutic approach. Anorectal adenocarcinoma in children remains a rare but aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis if diagnosis is delayed. Early recognition, prompt biopsy of suspicious lesions, comprehensive staging, and genetic evaluation are essential for optimal management. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, often combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. Reporting such rare cases contributes to improved awareness and may aid in developing evidence-based management strategies.