Impact of proton pump inhibitor use on microbiota and diversity

Authors

  • Ahmed S. Alsharef Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
  • Emad A. Alsaedi Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
  • Ghazi T. Almohmmadi Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
  • Khaled M. Alahmadi Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
  • Lama Z. Alhemshy College of Medicine, Hail University Hail, Saudi Arabia
  • Mayada K. Albugami Department of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  • Wojood S. Alghanim Department of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • Solaiman S. Alharbi College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • Yomna K. Alahmadi College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  • Yara S. Aljohani College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
  • Khadijah A. Bukhari University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  • Abdulrhman M. Alawfi Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20254453

Keywords:

Gut, Human, Microbiome, Microbiota, Proton pump inhibitors, PPI

Abstract

Proton pump inhibitors are a class of drugs specifically administered to alleviate stomach acid. In cases of GERD, general GI disturbances and other medication-related GI symptoms, PPIs are widely prescribed globally. Typically, patients taking PPIS have a history of long-term use, which can lead to various health issues. Gut health primarily depends on gut microbiota and dysbiosis of the microbiota can result in numerous metabolic and infectious disorders. Recent research has focused on the impact of PPI usage on the diversity and composition of microbiota. This systematic review aimed to summarize the key findings from studies conducted from January 2015 to June 2025, including only interventional, cohort and case-control studies. After screening 1861 articles sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Clinical trials and other databases, only 12 studies were included in this review. Data revealed that both alpha and beta diversity are significantly increased in individuals after PPI use and there is a significant increase in the colonies of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and pathogenic microbes such as E. coli. It has also been summarized that PPI intake can result in IBS and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the unregulated use of PPIs should be restricted and research should be conducted to provide better alternatives.

 

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References

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Alsharef, A. S., Alsaedi, E. A., Almohmmadi, G. T., Alahmadi, K. M., Alhemshy, L. Z., Albugami, M. K., Alghanim, W. S., Alharbi, S. S., Alahmadi, Y. K., Aljohani, Y. S., Bukhari, K. A., & Alawfi, A. M. (2025). Impact of proton pump inhibitor use on microbiota and diversity. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 13(1), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20254453

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): January 2026

Section

Systematic Reviews
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