Prevalence and clinico-etiological profile of anemia in pediatric patients

Abstract

Background: Nutritional anemia is a significant public health burden in developing nations, particularly affecting rural pediatric populations. Recent data from the National Family Health Survey-5 indicates a paradoxical rise in anemia prevalence within the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, despite general improvements in health indicators. This surge is often attributed to specific regional dietary habits and delayed weaning practices.

Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Community Health Centre (CHC) Pakherpora, District Budgam, over a period of two years (2023–2025). The study involved 1,000 pediatric patients aged 6 months to 14 years. Data regarding hemoglobin levels and clinical profiles were retrieved from hospital records and analyzed.

Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 68.2%. The burden was disproportionately high (76%) in the toddler age group (6 months–5 years). A statistically significant gender disparity was observed in adolescents (10–14 years), with females (75%) being more affected than males (p<0.01). Moderate anemia was the most common severity grade observed (42%).

Conclusion: The study reveals a hyper-endemic burden of anemia in rural Budgam. The etiology appears multifactorial, driven by the early introduction of cow's milk and consumption of tannin-rich beverages. Urgent community-level interventions, including dietary counseling and strict deworming protocols, are essential to mitigate this silent epidemic.