Growth-related changes in the upper and lower jaw: clinical implications for treatment timing

Hussam Najjar; Turki Almansour; Yousef Aljaiban; Shrooq Alzahrani; Ebtisam Al Saeed; Turki Albargan; Basma Alshehri; Hamoud Al Shari

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20253721

Authors

Hussam Najjar Department of Orthodontist, Al Thager Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Turki Almansour College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Yousef Aljaiban College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Shrooq Alzahrani College of Dentistry, Vision College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ebtisam Al Saeed General Dental Clinic, Primary Healthcare Center, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
Turki Albargan College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia
Basma Alshehri College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia
Hamoud Al Shari General Dental Clinic, Primary Health Care Center, Aseer Health Cluster, Ahad Rufaidah, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20253721

Keywords:

Craniofacial growth, Orthodontic treatment, Maxillary growth, Occlusion

Abstract

Jaw growth is a complex, multifactorial process involving cellular remodeling through buildup and breakdown. It fundamentally shapes facial structure and occlusal interactions. The maxilla and mandible exhibit different growth patterns, where the maxilla completes its growth earlier than the mandible. These differential growth rates, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, have profound implications for the development of malocclusions. Most importantly, the optimal timing of orthodontic treatment, especially during pubertal growth spurts, is critical for enhancing therapeutic benefits and achieving stable, long-lasting outcomes. Understanding these age-specific changes and the interplay of various contributing factors is central to effective orthodontic intervention. This review aims to explore the key growth-related changes that occur in the upper and lower jaw from early development through adolescence. Furthermore, it seeks to discuss the clinical implications of these changes, particularly concerning the optimal timing of various orthodontic interventions. Thus, provide an updated, thorough understanding of the interplay between natural growth and treatment efficacy.

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