Quality of life and its associated factors among COVID-19 recovered patients in South India: a cross-sectional analytical study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20254054Keywords:
COVID-19, Pandemic, Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, QOL, SARS-CoV-2, WHOQOL-BREFAbstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pandemic affecting billions globally has impacted beyond physical health affecting mental and social well-being thereby affecting quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to explore the long-term sequalae of COVID-19 and compare QOL between those who had moderate or severe COVID-19 and those with mild disease and to assess the factors associated with their QOL.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among COVID-19 recovered patients between May-October 2022. Patients with oxygen saturation (SpO2)≤93 were considered as moderate to severe cases (group 1) and those with SpO2 >93 as mild cases (group 2). Participants selected by simple random sampling from the line-list of hospital records and their socio-demographic details were collected. QOL was assessed using validated English and Tamil version of world health organization QOL brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire.
Results: Among the 1162 participants (581 in each group), majority were males (52.4%) with mean age of 48 (±16.4) years. Mean WHOQOL-BREF scores among participants was highest in social domain (71.7±9.2) and lowest in physical domain (58±8.2). Scores of all domains were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1. The predictors for lower QOL were skilled workers, people residing in rural areas, individuals above 30 years and presence of comorbidities in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains (p<0.001).
Conclusions: COVID-19 has long-term effect on QOL of the patients. This study stresses the need for implementing strategies like post-COVID special clinics and counselling sessions to improve QOL of the affected individuals.
Metrics
References
Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(3):105924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
Zheng KI, Gao F, Wang XB, Sun QF, Pan KH, Wang TY, et al. Extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19: a multisystem disease? J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):66-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26294
da Rosa Mesquita R, Francelino Silva Junior LC, Santos Santana FM, Farias de Oliveira T, Campos Alcântara R, Monteiro Arnozo G, et al. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(7-8):377-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4
Ding Y, Yan H, Guo W. Clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00431
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Huynh G, Nguyen BT, Nguyen HTN, Le NT, An PL, Tran TD. Health-related quality of life among patients recovered from COVID-19. Inquiry. 2022;59:469580221143630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221143630
Elumalai R, Bagepally BS, Ponnaiah M, Bhatnagar T, Barani S, Kannan P, et al. Health-related quality of life and associated factors among COVID-19 individuals managed with Indian traditional medicine: a cross-sectional study from South India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023;20:101250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101250
World Health Organization. WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
Nandasena HMRKG, Pathirathna ML, Atapattu AMMP, Prasanga PTS. Quality of life of COVID-19 patients after discharge: systematic review. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0263941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263941
Savarimuthu Rogina JS, Preetha A, Petrishya D, Princy, Praveen L, Kumar MP, Iswariya M. Quality of life amongst general public during COVID-19 lockdown, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Contemp Nurs. 2021;22(1):93-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcn.ijcn_95_20
World Health Organization. WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization quality of life instruments. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2020.
Bota AV, Bratosin F, Bogdan I, Septimiu-Radu S, Ilie AC, Burtic SR, et al. Assessing the quality of life, coping strategies, anxiety and depression levels in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome: a six-month follow-up study. Diseases. 2024;12(1):21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12010021
Hawlader MDH, Rashid MU, Khan MAS, Ara T, Nabi MH, Haque MMA, et al. Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0257421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257421
Arab-Zozani M, Hashemi F, Safari H, Yousefi M, Ameri H. Health-related quality of life and its associated factors in COVID-19 patients. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(5):296-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.05
Chen KY, Li T, Gong FH, Zhang JS, Li XK. Predictors of health-related quality of life and influencing factors for COVID-19 patients: a follow-up at one month. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00668
Shucksmith M, Cameron S, Merridew T, Pichler F. Urban–rural differences in quality of life across the European Union. Reg Stud. 2009;43(10):1275-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400802378750
Rashid MU, Khan MAS, Dalal K, Sagar SK, Hossain M, Barsha SY, et al. Quality of life among COVID-19-recovered healthcare workers in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07961-z
Kliestik T, Valaskova K, Dabija DC. Remote work burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1389984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389984
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
