Determinants of fortified food consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Isiolo County, Kenya

Emily C. Mkungo; Peter Chege; Judith Munga

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20251688

Authors

Emily C. Mkungo Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Peter Chege Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Judith Munga Food and Agricultural Organization, Nairobi, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20251688

Keywords:

Fortified foods, Micronutrient deficiencies, Socio-economic status, Caregiver knowledge, Availability, Isiolo County

Abstract

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies pose a significant public health challenge among young children in Kenya, particularly in arid regions like Isiolo County. Fortified foods are a cost-effective intervention, yet their consumption remains low. This study examines the role of socio-economic status, availability, and caregiver knowledge in fortified food consumption.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Oldonyiro and Ngaremara wards, Isiolo County, from June to August 2022, with 272 caregiver-child pairs. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Logistic regression analyzed associations between socio-economic status, availability, caregiver knowledge, and fortified food consumption at p<0.05.

Results: Non-fortified maize flour (100%) and vegetable oil (96.3%) were consumed daily, while fortified versions were consumed twice weekly by 36% and 47% of children, respectively. Higher socio-economic status (OR=1.729, p=0.0034), better caregiver knowledge (OR=1.227, p=0.0089), and greater availability (OR=1.311, p=0.015) significantly increased fortified food consumption. Only 20.2% of caregivers were knowledgeable about fortification, and fortified foods were less available in rural areas.

Conclusions: Socio-economic status, caregiver knowledge, and availability are critical drivers of fortified food consumption. Public health interventions should prioritize awareness campaigns, improve market access, and address economic barriers to enhance uptake.

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