Demographic profile of diabetic subjects with hearing loss in a tertiary health care facility of Punjab

Manish Munjal; Naveen Mittal; Shubham Munjal; Hardeep Kaur; Vineeta Arora; Aditi Randev; Sakshi Jeriwal; Prachi Budhiraja; Devambika Mehta; Anjana Pillai

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20251698

Authors

Manish Munjal Department of ENTHNS, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Naveen Mittal Department of Endocrinology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Shubham Munjal Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Hardeep Kaur Department of ENTHNS, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Vineeta Arora Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Aditi Randev Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Sakshi Jeriwal Department of ENTHNS, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Prachi Budhiraja Department of ENTHNS, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Devambika Mehta Department of ENTHNS, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Anjana Pillai Department of Dental Surgery, BJS Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20251698

Keywords:

Diabetic mellitus, Hearing impairment, HbIAc, Pure tone audiometry

Abstract

Background: The demographic profile of diabetic patients with hearing loss in the state of Punjab was analyzed. The emphasis was on the age, gender and clinical presentation in this prospective study.

Methods: In this prospective study 30 patients of clinically diagnosed diabetic mellitus were randomly selected from the otology clinics of oto-rhino-laryngology services, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana; in a period of one and a half years 01 March 2021 to 31 August 2022. All patients were taken up audiometric evaluation (pure tone audiometry,) and correlated with the diabetic profile.

Results: Maximum numbers of patients were above the age of 50 years 17 (56.7%) Male patients (21) 70% outnumbered the females (9) 70%. The selection of patients was random and irrespective of gender. Majority of patients were type II diabetic 20 (66.7%). Types I diabetic were only 10 (33.3%). The pure tone average threshold increases with increase in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). In type II diabetes mean pure tone average was maximum (in right ear 44.67, left ear 45.11) as compared to type I diabetes (in right ear 37.20, p=0.426, left ear 33.20, p=0.149).

Conclusions: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been associated with hearing impairment due to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress leading to cochlear microangiopathy and auditory neuropathy. Quality of life improves in diabetic patients with control of glycemic index. Pure tone average shows high hearing threshold in higher frequencies with increase in HbA1c levels (p=0.001).

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Zhao Y, Ye W, Boye KS, Holcombe JH, Swindle R. Healthcare charges and utilization associated with diabetic neuropathy: impact of Type 1 diabetes and presence of other diabetes‐related complications and co morbidities. Diabetic Med. 2009;26(1):61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02616.x

Yueh B, Shapiro N, MacLean CH, Shekelle PG. Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review. JAMA. 2003;289(15):1976-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.15.1976

Dalton DS, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Wiley TL. Association of NIDDM and hearing loss. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(9):1540-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.9.1540

Nemati S, Hassanzadeh R, Mehrdad M, Kia SS. Hearing status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to blood-sugar control: a comparative study. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;30(99):209.

National Institutes of Health. Hearing loss is common in people with diabetes. 2008. Available at: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/ hearing-loss-common-people-diabetes. Accessed on 12 April 2025.

Kakarlapudi V, Sawyer R, Staecker H. The effect of diabetes on sensor neural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24(3):382-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200305000-00006

Maia CA, Campos CA. Diabetes mellitus as etiological factor of hearing loss. Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. 2005;71:208-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1808-8694(15)31312-4

Mulrow CD, Aguilar C, Endicott JE, Tuley MR, Velez R, Charlip WS, et al. Quality-of-Life Changes and Hearing Impairment: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(3):188-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-3-188

Dhingra PL, Dhingra S, Dhingra D. Assessment of hearing. Disease of ear, nose and throat. 3rd Edition. Mosby, Saunders Ed, Elsevier, New Delhi. 2004;28-37.

Simoncelli C, Ricci G, Molini E, Scionti L, Giommetti S, Pennacchi A, et al. Evoked acoustic oto-emissions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Annales D'oto-laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale: Bulletin de la Societe D'oto-laryngologie des Hopitaux de Paris. 1993;110(5):255-8.

Gill TM, Feinstein AR. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA. 1994;272(8):619-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520080061045

Spankovich C, Long GR, Hood LJ. Early indices of reduced cochlear function in young adults with type-1 diabetes revealed by DPOAE fine structure. J Am Acad Audiol. 2019;30(06):459-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17113

Mousavi SH, Sajadinejad B, Khorsandi S, Farhadi A. Diabetes mellitus and tinnitus: an epidemiology study. Maedica. 2021;16(4):580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2021.16.4.580

Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(3):278-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2015-1137

Ottaviani F, Dozio N, Neglia CB, Riccio S, Scavini M. Absence of otoacoustic emissions in insulin-dependent diabetic patients: is there evidence for diabetic cochleopathy? J Diabetes Complic. 2002;16(5):338-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-8727(01)00224-0

Al-Rubeaan K, AlMomani M, AlGethami AK, Darandari J, Alsalhi A, AlNaqeeb D, et al. Hearing loss among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Ann Saud Med. 2021;41(3):171-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.171

Akinpelu OV, Mujica‐Mota M, Daniel SJ. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with alterations in hearing? A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(3):767-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24354

Hou Y, Xiao X, Ren J, Wang Y, Zhao F. Auditory impairment in young type 1 diabetics. Arch Med Res. 2015;46(7):539-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.09.002

Lasagni A, Giordano P, Lacilla M, Raviolo A, Trento M, Camussi E, et al. Cochlear, auditory brainstem responses in Type 1 diabetes: relationship with metabolic variables and diabetic complications. Diabetic Med. 2016;33(9):1260-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13039

Botelho CT, Carvalho SA, Silva IN. Increased prevalence of early cochlear damage in young patients with type 1 diabetes detected by distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Int J Audiol. 2014;53(6):402-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2013.879341

Hao J, Hua L, Fu X, Zhang X, Zou Q, Li Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of human peripheral blood reveals susceptibility loci of diabetes-related hearing loss. J Human Genet. 2018;63(12):1241-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-018-0507-y

Eren E, Harman E, Arslanoğlu S, Önal K. Effects of type 2 diabetes on otoacoustic emissions and the medial olivocochlear reflex. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(6):1033-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599814527574

Samocha-Bonet D, Wu B, Ryugo DK. Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: A review. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;71:101423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101423