A survey of Indian women living with concurrent complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome and pre-menopause in their pre-menopausal stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250916Keywords:
PCOS, Key concerns, Diagnosis, Satisfaction, Rural Indian women, Survey, Quality of life treatment methods, Indian womenAbstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a widespread endocrine disorder, is particularly prevalent among working women in tier 2 cities in India. Clinical guidelines in India do not adequately consider morbidities involving PCOS and pre-menopause when diagnosing and caring for women with PCOS. This study aimed to understand the dependency on medication, alternate treatments, yoga, and combined comorbidities of PCOS, key concerns, quality of life (QoL), and diagnosis experiences of working Indian women living with PCOS.
Methods: A comprehensive physical and online survey was conducted among working women of pre-menopausal age living with PCOS in Tamil Nadu. The study examined treatment modalities, symptoms, and their interrelationships.
Results: The study included 91 participants with a mean age of 35-55 years, focusing on women in their pre-menopausal period. A significant positive correlation was found between PCOS and pre-menopause (PM) (r=0.380, p<.001), indicating a strong interrelationship between these conditions. The study revealed significant correlations between PCOS and pre-menopausal symptoms, with 45.06% of participants reporting moderate to severe impact on daily life.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies, considering the strong correlation between PCOS and pre-menopause (r=0.380, p<0.001). The data suggests that while medication remains the primary treatment modality, there is potential in incorporating complementary approaches such as yoga and alternative treatments.
Metrics
References
Gibson-Helm ME, Teede HJ, Boyle JA, Lucas IM. Women’s experiences of polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Fam Pract. 2014;31(5):545-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmu028
Meletis CD, Zabriskie N. Natural Approaches for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Alternat Complement Ther. 2006;12(4):157-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2006.12.157
Hassan I, O’Brien S, Ismail KM. PMS in the perimenopause. Br Menopause Soc J. 2004;10(4):151-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/1362180042721111
Delamater L, Santoro N. Management of the Perimenopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;61(3):419-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000389
Fruh V, Mahalingaiah S, Lane KJ, Cheng JJ, Aschengrau A. Fine particulate matter and polycystic ovarian morphology. Environ Health. 2022;21(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00835-1
Tchounwou P, Han O. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Best Paper Award 2013. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10(1):443-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10010443
Rao VS, Cowan S, Armour M, Smith CA, Cheema BS, Moran L, et al. A Global Survey of Ethnic Indian Women Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Co-Morbidities, Concerns, Diagnosis Experiences, Quality of Life, and Use of Treatment Methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):15850.
Legro RS. Phenotype and genotype in polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Volume 53. Cambridge university. 2001;25-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545191.003
Gomula J, Warner M, Blandford A. Women’s use of online health and social media resources to make sense of their polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis: a qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health. 2024;24(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-02993-5
Pfieffer ML. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Diagnosis and management. Nurse Practitioner. 2019;44(3):30-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NPR.0000553398.50729.c0
Kaur I, Suri V, Rana SV, Singh A. Treatment pathways traversed by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A mixed-method study. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0255830.
Kaur I, Suri V, Rana SV, Singh A. Treatment pathways traversed by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A mixed-method study. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0255830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255830
Rao VS, Cowan S, Armour M, Smith CA, Cheema BS, Moran L, et al. A Global Survey of Ethnic Indian Women Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Co-Morbidities, Concerns, Diagnosis Experiences, Quality of Life, and Use of Treatment Methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):15850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315850
Louwers YV, Laven JSE. Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome throughout life. Ther Adv Reprod Health. 2020;14(14):263349412091103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2633494120911038
Williams S, Knibb RC, Sheffield D. “Everything’s from the inside out with PCOS”: Exploring women’s experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through SkypeTM interviews. Health Psychol Open. 2015;2(2):205510291560305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915603051
Tchounwou P, Zhou J. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Best Paper Award 2014. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(1):1192-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110101192
Parker J, O’Brien C, Gersh FL, Hawrelak J. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment. . Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031336
Moelyo AG, Rokhayati E, Aryani I, Rachma UP. Menstrual cycle patterns of Indonesian adolescents. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2018;58(3):101-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi58.3.2018.101-5
Park YJ, Jeon S, Shin H, Kim YJ, Cho I. Menstrual Cycle Patterns and the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Young Adult Women. Healthcare. 2021;9(1):56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010056
Ilter SM, Ovayolu Ö. Examining the Attitudes of Hypertension Patients Toward Using Complementary Treatments. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2024;38(4):213-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000653
Kligman I. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). In: Springer; 2023;63-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19443-6_10
Ayala SG, Birdee G, Wallson K. Characteristics of Yoga Practice and Predictors of Practice Frequency. Int J Yoga Ther. 2018;28(1):107-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17761/2018-00012R2
Krassen Covan E. Stagnant Women’s Health Issues. Health Care Women Int. 2014;35(3):233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2014.890862
Mitra S, Jena SK, Saharia GK. Correlation Between Serum AMH Levels and Cardiometabolic Indices in PCOS Women. Indian J Endocrinol Metabol. 2021;25(6):545-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_421_21
Joshi A. PCOS stratification for precision diagnostics and treatment. Front Cell Develop Biol. 2024;12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2024.1358755
Kadam DR, Shinde DK, Kulkarni DrM, Dimple D, Kadam DR. Contemporary and Traditional Perspectives of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Critical Review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(9):89-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13968998
Sinambela M, Hariati H, Susanti D, Sirait RA. Factors influence the severity of premenopause syndrome. MEDISAINS. 2024;22(2):86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v22i2.23123
Smirnov VV, Beeraka NM, Butko DY, Nikolenko VN, Bondarev SA, Achkasov EE, et al. Updates on Molecular Targets and Epigenetic-Based Therapies for PCOS. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(3):772-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-01013-x
Vishnupriya N, Narayanaswamy R. Human Intelectin-1 (hITL-1) as Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): An In Silico Study. J Pharm Bioall Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 2):S1173-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_518_23
Vasyukova E, Zaikova E, Bogatyreva E, Gorelova I, Pyanova I, Bogatyreva E, et al. Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Parameters in PCOS Patients Depending on Body Mass Index: A Case-Control Study. Biomedicines. 2023;11(10):2791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102791
Shukla P, Melkani GC. Mitochondrial epigenetic modifications and nuclear-mitochondrial communication: A new dimension towards understanding and attenuating the pathogenesis in women with PCOS. Rev Endocrine Metabol Disord. 2023;24(2):317-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-023-09789-2