Relationship between macronutrient intake and growth pattern among orphan and non-orphan boys of Kolkata: a socio-physiological study

Pritha Roy; Amit Bandyopadhyay; Moumita Das; Gouriprosad Datta

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250915

Authors

Pritha Roy Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Department of Food and Nutrition, Ramsaday College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
Amit Bandyopadhyay Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Moumita Das Department of Applied Nutrition and Dietetics, Sister Nivedita University, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Gouriprosad Datta Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250915

Keywords:

Anthropometry, Body composition, Body mass index, Non-orphan, Orphan

Abstract

Background: Anthropometric data of orphan children are unavailable, especially in Indian context. It is also unaddressed that whether any difference in nutritional, physiological and socio-economic parameters exists between orphan and non-orphan children in our society.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 85 orphan boys from four different orphanages and 160 non-orphan boys from three different schools in Kolkata and surroundings. The body composition analysis and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements such as body height, body weight, BMI, skinfold measurements and dietary survey which was doing by using 24-hour dietary recall method. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software.

Results: Orphan boys had significantly lower body weight, body height, and BMI compared to non-orphan boys. Higher prevalence of stunting (82.35%) and wasting (85.88%) among orphan boys were found. Lower body fat percentage and lean body mass in orphan boys were also found. Result showed significantly lower carbohydrate and fat consumption in orphan boys. Protein consumption was adequate in non-orphan boys but higher in orphan boys.

Conclusions: Orphan boys in Kolkata are at risk of malnutrition, with lower anthropometric measurements and inadequate dietary intake. Comprehensive nutrition programmes are necessary to ensure the nutritional growth of children in orphanages.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Sewnet SS, Derseh HA, Desyibelew HD, Fentahun N. Undernutrition and associated factors among under‐five orphan children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020: a cross‐sectional study. J Nutrit Metabol. 2021;2021(1):6728497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6728497

Routray S, Meher BK, Tripathy R, Parida SN, Mahilary N, Pradhan DD. Growth and development among children living in orphanages of Odisha, an eastern Indian state. The Reason. 2015;110:75-3.

Bandyopadhyay A. Anthropometry and body composition in soccer and volleyball players in West Bengal, India. J Physiolog Anthropol. 2007;26(4):501-5.

Islam MS, Madumita BP, Khatun T, Hoque A. Nutritional status and its determinants among orphans in a public sector orphanage in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Stechnolock Hum Nutr Diet. 2021;1:1-6.

NDTV. Number of Orphan, Abandoned Children Rise by 25% Since 2020, 2023. Available at: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/number-of-orphan-abandoned-children-rise-by- 25-since-2020-centre-4242009. Accessed 20 February 2023.

Iram U, Butt MS. Understanding the health and nutritional status of children in Pakistan: A study of the interaction of socioeconomic and environmental factors. Int J Soci Econom. 2006;33(2):111-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290610642210

Kamath SM, Venkatappa KG, Sparshadeep EM. Impact of nutritional status on cognition in institutionalized orphans: a pilot study. JCDR. 2017;11(3):CC01. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/22181.9383

Feleke S, Egata G, Mesfin F, Yilak G, Molla A. Undernutrition and associated factors in orphan children aged 6–59 months in Gambella Southwest, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2021;11(7):e045892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045892

Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, Sachdev HS. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. The Lancet. 2008;371(9609):340-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4

Dewey KG, Begum K. Long‐term consequences of stunting in early life. Maternal & child nutrition. 2011;7:5-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x

Al-Adili N, Shaheen M, Bergstrom S, Johansson A. Survival, family conditions and nutritional status of motherless orphans in the West Bank, Palestine. Scandin J Publ Healt. 2008;36(3):292-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494807086985

Kimani-Murage EW, Holding PA, Fotso JC, Ezeh AC, Madise NJ, Kahurani EN, Zulu EM. Food security and nutritional outcomes among urban poor orphans in Nairobi, Kenya. J Urban Health. 2011;88:282-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9491-z

Bandyopadhyay A. Pulmonary function studies in young healthy Malaysians of Kelantan, Malaysia. Ind J Med Res. 2011;134(5):653-7.

Chatterjee S, Chatterjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Skinfold thickness, body fat percentage and body mass index in obese and non-obese Indian boys. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutrit. 2006;231-235.

Edelu BO, Iloh KK, Igbokwe OO, Osuorah CI, Iloh ON, Ndu IK, et al. Comparison of age-based weight estimation with actual measured weight in children aged one to twelve years in Enugu. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(9):1229-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_41_20

Bandyopadhyay A. Anthropometry and body composition in soccer and volleyball players in West Bengal, India. J Physiolog Anthropol. 2007;26(4):501-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa2.26.501

Bandyopadhyay A. Pulmonary function studies in young healthy Malaysians of Kelantan, Malaysia. Ind J Medi Res. 2011;134(5):653-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.90990

Pinheiro PS. Violence against children. Geneva: ATAR Roto Presse SA; 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232006000200022

Sherr L, Roberts KJ, Gandhi N. Child violence experiences in institutionalised/orphanage care. Psychol Health Medi. 2017;22(sup1):31-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271951

Davidson J. Closing the implementation gap: moving forward the UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children. Int J Child Youth Fam Stud. 2015;6(3):379-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs.63201513561

Varshney N. A study to find out the health status by anthropometric measurement of children of various orphanages. Int J Humanit Soc Sci Invent. 2012;1(11):87-95.

Skeie E, Tangvik RJ, Nymo LS, Harthug S, Lassen K, Viste A. Weight loss and BMI criteria in GLIM's definition of malnutrition is associated with postoperative complications following abdominal resections-results from a National Quality Registry. Clinical nutrition. 2020;39(5):1593-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.003

Subedi S, Baral K, Dahal M, Khatiwada R, Khadgi M. Nutritional status of children living in orphanage home of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Int J Res Medi Sci. 2019;1:11-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26648733.2019.v1.i2a.10

Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary A, Venkaiah K. Indian Food Composition Tables. National Institute of Nutrition: xxxi. 2017.

Safa T, Alvi MF, Mahazabin M. Nutritional status and lifestyle of children in orphanages and middle-class families in Khulna City, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. medRxiv. 2024:2024-07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.10.24310074

Ferdoushi A, Rana MM, Mahmud MS, Datta D, Akter F. Health and nutritional status of the selected orphanage children in Tangail City. Res Rev. 2014;3(1):11-5.

Reddy M, Ramya V. Morbidity profile of children residing in orphanages-a cross-sectional study in Chitradurga, Karnataka. Int J Medi Sci Publ Health. 2017;6(7):1196-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2017.0409524042017

Reddy SB, Jyothula N, Kandula I, Chintada GS. Nutritional status and personal hygiene of children living in the orphanages of Bhubaneswar: capital city of Odisha. Int J Commu Med Publ Health. 2019;6(1):379-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185276

Kriemler S, Puder J, Zahner L, Roth R, Meyer U, Bedogni G. Estimation of percentage body fat in 6-to 13-year-old children by skinfold thickness, body mass index and waist circumference. Brit J Nutrit. 2010;104(10):1565-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510002357

Riaz M, Azam N, Mahmood H, Asif R, Khan N, Mughal FA. Nutritional status assessment of orphanage children in rawalpindi. Pak Armed Forces Medi J. 2021;71(6):2139-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6496

El-Kassas G, Ziade F. The dual burden of malnutrition and associated dietary and lifestyle habits among lebanese school age children living in orphanages in North Lebanon. J Nutrit Metabol. 2017;2017(1):4863431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4863431

Lone MA, Ganesan P. Health and nutritional status of orphan children’s living in orphanages with special reference to district Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir. Int J Ind Psychol. 2016;3(2):163-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25215/0302.191