Morbidity pattern of admitted neonates at selected district hospital special newborn care units in Odisha, India

Dayasis Sahu; Naresh R. Godara

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250320

Authors

Dayasis Sahu Parul Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Naresh R. Godara Department of Community Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-6920

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250320

Keywords:

Special newborn care unit, Neonate, Birth asphyxia, Neonatal morbidity, Neonatal mortality

Abstract

Background: To provide focused recommendations to reduce neonatal fatalities, the study intends to evaluate the patterns of morbidity among admitted neonates in special newborn care units (SNCUs).

Methods: Through secondary data from the SNCU portal of ten SNCUs at district hospitals in Odisha, we performed a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective analysis on all admitted neonates over three calendar years (2020-2022). We profiled the age, gender, birth weight, admission indication, maturity, mortality profile, referral, and type of admission. Excel 2021 was used to extract the data, while Epi info and excel were used for analysis.

Results: The 24383 (or 48.5%) of the 50226 newborns admitted to the SNCU were inborn. Of the newborns, 58.4% were male. Of the 50226 newborns, 58.5% had low birth weights (LBWs) (less than 2500 gm); 995 babies (2.0%) weighed less than 1000 gm. Three days was the median length of stay in the SNCUs. 28.7% of admissions are due to perinatal asphyxia (n=14421), which is followed by newborn jaundice (n=9616, 19.1%), LBW (n=6757, 13.5%), refusal to feed (n=5327, 10.6%), and prematurity (n=4363, 8.7%). Out of the total, 74.8% were discharged, 11.3% were referred, 9.7% passed away, and 4.1% defied medical advice and left the SNCU. Birth asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), infection, and preterm were the main causes of death.

Conclusions: The main reason for neonates' morbidity and mortality is birth asphyxia. Early referrals, successful intervention, and superior prenatal care are crucial to avoid it.

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