Pattern and treatment of Alzheimer's disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: a hospital based survey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250302Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, Common types of dementia, Mild cognitive impairmentAbstract
Background: More than 25 million people in the world today are affected by Alzheimer's disease. In both developed and developing nations, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has had tremendous impact on the affected individuals, caregivers, and society. This study investigates the current status of AD in Bangladesh in terms of complications associated with AD as well as treatment strategies.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied in the study. It involves the formulated questionnaires in four medical namely, Department of Neurology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospital and Alzheimer's society of Bangladesh from October 2022 to April 2023.
Results: Total 153 Alzheimer’s disease patients (male 58.16% and female 41.84%) were recruited in this study. Though the causes of AD are still not fully elucidated, it may be claimed that person having a stressful profession have a high risk to develop AD. From the study, it was noticed that maximum number (73.85%) of patients were identified with manifestations at the moderate signs and symptoms. It was observed that Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) (97.38%) and Computerized Tomography (CT) scan (93.46%) were most popular diagnosis procedure. It was observed that along with non-pharmacological treatment, drugs used to manage AD were combination of donepezil and memantine (47%), ginkgo biloba (38%), donepezil (9%), rivastigmine (4%) and memantine (2%). However, these drugs also have some adverse effects too.
Conclusions: Our population-based data may provide evidence to know about the conditions of AD in Bangladesh.
Metrics
References
Rahman MR, Tajmim A, Ali M, Sharif M. Overview and current status of Alzheimer’s disease in Bangladesh. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2017;1(1):27-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR-170012
Zanetti O, Solerte SB, Cantoni F. Life expectancy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2009;49(1):237-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.035
Bird TD. Alzheimer disease overview. In: Adam MP (Eds.) et. al. GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle; 2000.
Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chételat G, Teunissen CE, Cummings J, et al. Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet. 2021;397(10284):1577-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4
Bondi MW, Edmonds EC, Salmon DP. Alzheimer’s disease: past, present, and future. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23(9-10):818-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561771700100X
Sahyouni R, Brown N, Chen J. Alzheimer’s disease decoded: The history, present, and future of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/10023
Soria Lopez JA, González HM, Léger GC. Alzheimer’s disease, in: Aminoff MJ, Boller F, Swaab (Eds.) DF. Hand Clin Neurol. 2019;167:231-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804766-8.00013-3
Alberdi A, Aztiria A, Basarab A. On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease from multimodal signals: A survey. Artif Intell Med. 2016;71(1):1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2016.06.003
Scarpini E, Scheltens P, Feldman H. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: current status and new perspectives. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2(9):539-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00502-7
Atri A. The Alzheimer’s disease clinical spectrum: diagnosis and management. Med Clin North Am. 2019;103(2):193-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2018.10.009
Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Davis KL. A new rating scale for Alzheimer’s disease. Am. J Psych. 1984;141(11):1356-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinical. J Psychiatr. Res. 1975;12(3):189-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
Berg L. Clinical dementia rating (CDR), Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1988;24(4):637-9.
Sultana S, Hussain ML, Parvin MN, Pattern and treatment of Parkinson’s disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: a hospital based survey. Int J Scient Reports. 2020;6(4):139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20201269
Dos Santos Picanco LC, Ozela PF, de Fatima de Brito Brito M, Pinheiro AA, Padilha EC, Braga FS, et al. Alzheimer’s disease: A Review from the pathophysiology to diagnosis, new perspectives for pharmacological treatment. Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(26):3141-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161213101126
Fish PV, Steadman D, Bayle ED, Whiting P. New approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2019;29(2):125-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.034
Massoud F, Léger GC. Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer disease. Can J Psych. 2011;56(10):579-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105601003
Massoud F, Gauthier S. Update on the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2010;8(1):69-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/157015910790909520
Mazza M, Capuano A, Bria P, Mazza S. Ginkgo biloba and donepezil: a comparison in the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia in a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind study. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(9):981-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01409.x
Yiannopoulou KG, Papageorgiou SG. Current and future treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2013;6(1):19-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285612461679
Alzheimers.net. Alzheimer’s Statistics. Available at: https://www.alzheimers.net/alzheimers-statistics, 2019. Accessed 5 June 2024.
Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2022-Life after Diagnosis: Navigating Treatment, Care and Support. Available at: https://www.alzint.org/u/World-Alzheimer-Report-2022.pdf, 2022. Accessed 5 June 2024.
Ballard C, Khan Z, Clack H, Corbett A. Nonpharmacological treatment of Alzheimer disease. Canad J Psych. 2011;56(10):589-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105601004