Functional health and cognitive impairment: insights from elderly residents in old-age homes in Delhi

Sreelakshmi M.; Meerambika Mahapathro

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20244044

Authors

Sreelakshmi M. National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Munirka, New Delhi, India
Meerambika Mahapathro Department of Social Sciences, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Munirka, New Delhi, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20244044

Keywords:

Activities of daily living, Cognitive impairment, Elderly, Functional health, Instrumental activities of daily living, Old-age homes

Abstract

Background: The study aims to determine the relationship between functional health and cognitive impairment in elderly residents of old-age homes in Delhi.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 121 elderly residents from 6 selected old age homes in Delhi. Interviews were conducted using Katz ADL, Lawton IADL, and Mini-cog tools.

Results: The study found that 3.3% of the study population had one ADL disability, 10.7% had 2 or more ADL disability, 18% of the respondents had one IADL disability, 47% with 2 or more IADL disability, and 57% of the residents who participated in the study were found to have a cognitive impairment. A significant association was found between ADL and IADL to self-rating of health and also, in addition to that, IADL is seen higher with increasing age, cognitive impairment, and those with less interest in working. Cognitive impairment was found more in females, with increasing age, those with lesser education, those with no income, no family contact, no emotional support, and those with no interest in working. No significant association was found between cognitive impairment and ADL in this study.

Conclusions: This research focuses on identifying modifiable factors that can improve the well-being of elderly residents in old age homes, aiming to enhance geriatric care strategies. Regular cognitive assessments, along with tailored interventions, are essential to support both cognitive and functional health. Creating a supportive environment through social engagement and personalized care can help mitigate cognitive decline, improving overall quality of life.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Rahmi Setiyani, Iskandar A. Cognitive impairment among older adults living in the community and in nursing home in Indonesia: a pilot study. Dement Neuropsychol. 2022;16(3):347-53.

Xue QL. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2011;27(1):1-15.

Jain R, Malik C, Khanna S, Jain Y. Geriatric population in India: Demography, vulnerabilities, and healthcare challenges. J Family Medi Prim Care. 2021;10(1):72.

Kumar M, Modak S. Correlation between the cognitive impairment and the performance of activities of daily living among elderly people residing in selected old-age homes of West Bengal. Int J Health Sci Res. 2021;11(10):72-87.

World Health Organisation. Decade of healthy ageing: baseline report, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017900. Accessed 01 May 2024.

Edemekong PF, Bomgaars DL, Sukumaran S, Levy SB. Activities of Daily Living. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), National Programme for Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE), MoHFW, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH) and the University of Southern California (USC) 2020. Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1, 2017-18, Executive Summary, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. Available at: https://iipsindia.ac.in/sites/default/files/LASI_India_Report_2020_compressed.pdf. Accessed 01 May 2024.

Ćwirlej-Sozańska A, Wiśniowska-Szurlej A, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Sozański B. Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1).

Muhammad T, Meher T. Association of late-life depression with cognitive impairment: evidence from a cross-sectional study among older adults in India. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1).

Lawton Scale: CGA Toolkit Plus. cgakit. Available at: https://www.cgakit.com/f-1-lawton-scale. Accessed 01 May 2024.

Katz S. Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. J Amer Geriatr Soci. 1983;31(12):721-7.

Han F, Luo C, Lv D, Tian L, Qu C. Risk factors affecting cognitive impairment of the elderly aged 65 and over: a cross-sectional study. Fronti Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:903794.

Samuel R, McLachlan CS, Mahadevan U, Isaac V. Cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life among old-age groups in Southern Urban India: home-based community residents, free and paid old-age home residents. QJM. 2016;109(10):653-9.

Makino K, Lee S, Bae S, Shinkai Y, Chiba I, Shimada H. Relationship between instrumental activities of daily living performance and incidence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults: A 48-month follow-up study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;88:104034.