Assessment of household dietary diversity and its associated factors among the households of Amritsar district: a descriptive cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20243649Keywords:
HDDS, Dietary diversityAbstract
Background: Dietary diversity (DD) refers to the range of foods consumed over a specific period, ensuring adequate nutrient intake for optimal health and development. It’s a critical component of a healthy diet and is widely recognized as such. Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption, which indicates household access to a variety of foods and is proxy for nutrient adequacy of the individual's diet. It is described as the number of different food or food groups consumed over a given reference period.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in rural areas and urban slums of district Amritsar. A 24-hour recall evaluated the HDDS amongst 300 households equally distributed in rural and urban areas. HDDS consisted of 12 food groups which were marked 0 or 1 depending upon the consumption of various food items in the past 24 hours and the total score was calculated. Data was compiled and analyzed using Epi Info, CDC USA. For nominal, categorical and ordinal data, frequencies and proportions were calculated. For continuous data, mean±standard deviation, median (IQR) were calculated whichever relevant depending upon the distribution of data.
Results: Mean household dietary diversity score in rural areas was a little higher i.e. 8.96 versus urban areas where it was 8.82.
Conclusions: In both rural and urban areas (100%) ate 6 food groups viz. cereals and millets, vegetables, milk and milk products, oil and butter, sugar/honey/jaggery and tea/coffee.
Metrics
References
Kennedy G, Ballard T, Dop MC. Guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2012.
Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) for measurement of household food access: indicator guide. 2006. USA. Available from: https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/HDDS_v2_Sep06_0.pdf. Accessed on 14 July 2024.
Dolui M, Sarkar S, Ghosh P, Hossain M. Dietary diversity and association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adult men (15-54 years): a cross-sectional study using National Family and Health Survey, India. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(4).
Hoddinott J, Yohannes Y. Dietary diversity as a food security indicator. FCND Discussion Paper No. 136. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute; 2002.
Chinnakali P, Upadhyay RP, Shokeen D, Singh K, Manpreet K, Singh AK, et al. Prevalence of household-level food insecurity and its determinants in an urban resettlement colony in north India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2014;32(2):227-36.
Gokhale D, Rao S. Socio-economic and socio-demographic determinants of diet diversity among rural pregnant women from Pune, India. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):54.
Gupta S, Sunder N, Pingali PL. Market access, production diversity, and diet diversity: evidence from India. Food Nutr Bull. 2020;41(2):167-85.
Shanmathy R, Abinaya P, Maragadhambal R, Parimalavalli R. Dietary diversity score and its associated factors in Salem and Namakkal districts. Food Int J Recent Find Nutr. 2019;6(1):26-30.
Mohammed JA, Mulat AA. Home-garden production and women dietary diversity: an experience from success of micro-intervention in Boru Meda Kebele, Ethiopia. J Nutr Food Secur. 2024;9(1).
Krithika S, Karthikeyan C, Balasubramaniam P, Gangai Selvi R, Gurumeenakshi G. Analysing the scope of kitchen gardens in achieving dietary diversity and food security in rural households for resilient and sustainable food systems. Int J Environ Clim Change. 2023;13(8):1631-7.
