A prospective cross-sectional study on epidemiological determinants, vaccine hesitancy and adverse events following anti rabies vaccination in an animal bite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20243641Keywords:
Animal bite, ARV prophylaxis, Vaccine hesitancy, Adverse events following immunizationAbstract
Background: Rabies is an infectious disease with hundred percent mortality that can be prevented by taking action pre or post exposure to the agent. The individuals’ beliefs, customs and traditions play a major role in any health care practices. In this study we tried to assess the epidemiological determinants, vaccine hesitancy and adverse events following vaccination. Objectives were to study the epidemiological determinants of the individuals with animal bite and to study the vaccine hesitancy and adverse events following vaccination.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the 300 individuals who came with animal bite to the anti-rabies vaccination centre. The study participants were recruited through convenience sampling.
Results: Out of 300 participants 102 (34%) were of age group 15-35 years. Males 188 (62.7%) and females 112 (37.3%). The common animal that reported to bite was dog which was seen in 85.7% of study population. Vaccine hesitancy was observed in 16.7% (50). The 83% (249) participants took the ARV vaccination within 24 hours of the animal bite. The most common adverse events following vaccination reported is skin discoloration at the injection site by 53.3% (160).
Conclusions: The vaccine should be made available even in the rural, suburban areas. Newer vaccine with better preservatives should be made to prevent adverse events.
Metrics
References
Rabies. CDC. 2022. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/. Accessed in 12 January 2024.
World Health Organization: WHO. Rabies. World Health Organization: WHO. 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies. Accessed in 12 January 2024.
Minghui R, Stone M, Semedo MH, Nel L. New global strategic plan to eliminate dog-mediated rabies by 2030. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6(8):e828-9.
World Health Organization: WHO. Rabies-India. World Health Organization: WHO. 2019. Available at: https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/rabies. Accessed on 12 January 2024.
Sellan V, Chenchu KR, Vikram A, Ezhilvanan M. Dropout rate of anti-rabies vaccination among rural and urban communities in Tamil Nadu: A comparative cross-sectional study. Asian J Med Sci. 2023;14(1):65-9.
Organization WH. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: Third Report. World Health Organization. 2018.
Gan H, Hou X, Wang Y, Xu G, Huang Z, Zhang T, et al. Global burden of rabies in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;126:136-44.
World Health Organization: WHO. Rabies - India. World Health Organization: WHO. 2019. Available at: https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/rabies. Accessed on 8 February 2024.
World Health Organization: WHO. Rabies. World Health Organization: WHO. 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies. Accessed on 8 February 2024.
Sahu KK, Manar MK, Singh SK, Singh H. Epidemiological characteristics of patients attending for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis at the infectious diseases hospital of Lucknow, India. J Global Infect Dis. 2015;7(1):30-2.
Shankaraiah RH, Rajashekar RA, Veena V, Hanumanthaiah AN. Compliance to anti-rabies vaccination in post-exposure prophylaxis. Indian J Publ Heal. 2015;59(1):58-60.
Haradanhalli RS, Anwith HS, Pradeep BS, Isloor S, Bilagumba G. Health-seeking behavior and compliance to post exposure prophylaxis among animal bite victims in India. Indian J Publ Heal. 2019;63(5):20-5.
Ichhpujani RL, Mala C, Veena M, Singh J, Bhardwaj M, Bhattacharya D, et al. Epidemiology of animal bites and rabies cases in India. A multicentric study. J Communicable Dis. 2008;40(1):27-36.
Lilare RR, Rathod N, Narlawar UW. Compliance of post exposure rabies vaccination among patients attending anti-rabies OPD in the government medical college, Nagpur. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5:3045 8.