COVID-19 vaccination: disease status and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted in tertiary care hospital in Raigad District of Maharashtra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240891Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 disease severity, COVID-19 pandemicAbstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic had witnessed serious infections and deaths during third wave of the pandemic. This study was designed to analyse the association between severity of disease and patient outcomes with vaccination status of COVID-19 patients.
Methods: Retrospective record-based study was conducted among 258 COVID-19 patients from August 2021 to January 2022, during the third wave of the pandemic in a tertiary care hospital.
Results: Out of the 258 patients, 42% patients were above 60 years of age 19% were in the age group of 18-30 years. 58% male and 42% female patients. Overall, 50% and 36% patients above 40 years had severe and moderate disease respectively. 52% had mild disease in age group of 18-30 years and this was statistically significant with Chi-square value of 38.85 and p<0.05. 36%, 36% and 28% vaccinated patients had severe, moderate and mild disease respectively. 38%, 40% and 23% unvaccinated patients had severe, moderate and mild disease respectively. The mortality rate was 25%, 32% and 50% among vaccinated, unvaccinated and unknown vaccination status respectively. The mortality rate was 44% in those above 60 years. The survival rates were 90% in patients below 40 years. This difference was statistically significant with Chi-square value of 32.16, p<0.005. The mortality rate was 61%, 16% and 2% with severe, moderate and mild disease respectively.
Conclusions: The severity and mortality rate was less in vaccinated patients. This shows that vaccination might be effective in reducing the severity of disease and deaths among COVID-19 patients.
References
Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/ item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---25-January-2022. Accessed on 20 November 2023.
Swarnali D, Suvrendu SK, Sovan S, Jhimli B, Biplab G, Sandeep KD. Immunogenic and reactogenic efficacy of Covaxin and Covishield: a comparative review. Immunol Res. 2022;1:7
Ramasamy MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ, Flaxman AL, Folegatti PM, Owens DR, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet. 2021;396(10267):1979-93.
Soni GK, Seth S, Arora S, Singh K, Kumari A, Kanagat N, et al. Harnessing the Power of Collaboration to Expand the Coverage and Equity of COVID-19 Vaccinations in India: A Community Collaboration Model. Vaccines. 2023;11(6):1022.
Krishna B, Gupta A, Meena K, Gaba A, Krishna S, Jyoti R, et al. Prevalence, severity, and risk factor of breakthrough infection after vaccination with either the Covaxin or the Covishield among healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022;38(1):S66-78.
Singh C, Naik BN, Pandey S, Biswas B, Pati BK, Verma M, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing infection and disease severity: a case-control study from an Eastern State of India. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e224.
Takke A, Zarekar M, Muthuraman V, Ashar A, Patil K, Badhavkar A, et al. Comparative study of clinical features and vaccination status in Omicron and non-Omicron infected patients during the third wave in Mumbai, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6135-6142.
Bajpai J, Kant S, Verma A, Patwa AK, Atam V, Chaudhary SC, et al. The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India. Cureus. 2022;14(5):e25378.
Clinical guidance for management of adult Covid-19 patients. Available at: https://dghs.gov.in/Write ReadData/Orders/202104231216553337715COVIDManagementAlgorithm_22Apr21.pdf. Accessed on 20 November 2023.
Arora G, Taneja J, Bhardwaj P, Goyal S, Naidu K, Yadav SK, et al. Adverse events and breakthrough infections associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the Indian population. J Med Virol. 2022;94(7):3147-54.
Chandan S, Khan SR, Deliwala S, Mohan BP, Ramai D, Chandan OC, et al. Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1428-41.
Newman J, Thakur N, Peacock TP, Bialy D, Elrefaey AME, Bogaardt C, et al. Neutralizing antibody activity against 21 SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults vaccinated with BNT162b2. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7(8):1180-8.
Wright BJ, Tideman S, Diaz GA, French T, Parsons GT, Robicsek A. Comparative vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time in US hospital administrative data: a case-control study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(6):557-65.
Cucunawangsih C, Wijaya RS, Lugito NPH, Suriapranata I. Post-vaccination cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers at Siloam Teaching Hospital, Indonesia. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;107:268-70.
Nordström P, Ballin M, Nordström A. Risk of infection, hospitalisation, and death up to 9 months after a second dose of COVID-19 vaccine: a retrospective, total population cohort study in Sweden. Lancet. 2022;399(10327):814-23.
Bajpai J, Kant S, Verma A, Patwa AK, Atam V, Chaudhary SC, et al. The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India. Cureus. 2022;14(5):e25378.
Mohan Y, Charumathi B, Anantha Eashwar VM, Jain T, Abiramasundari VK. Incidence and Source of COVID-19 Infection Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in South India-A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Prev Med. 2022;13:108.
Ahluwalia B, Gupta NK, Singh A, Ish P, Dev N, Kohli S, et al. Effect of COVID-19 vaccination status on outcome of adult patients admitted at a tertiary care centre in India. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2022;93(1):21-9.
Hägg S, Religa D. COVID vaccination in older adults. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7(8):1106-7.
Parameswaran A, Apsingi S, Eachempati KK, Dannana CS, Jagathkar G. Incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection post-vaccination: a survey among Indian doctors. Infection. 2022;50(4):889-95.
Watson OJ, Barnsley G, Toor J, Hogan AB, Winskill P, Ghani AC. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(9):1293-302.
Rossi MA, Cena T, Binala J, Alessi D, Scotti L, Faggiano F. Evaluation of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in vaccinated and previously infected subjects based on real world data. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):2018.
