Current role of viral biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240918Keywords:
Cervical cancer, Biomarkers, HrHPVAbstract
Viral biomarkers for cervical cancer screening are valuable in improving timely diagnosis and detection at early stage. The various biomarkers currently there is evidence include high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing, there is place for further research for biomarkers such as hrHPV genotyping hrHPV transcriptional status, and host DNA methylation. Though the evidence is conclusive for hrHPV DNA testing, there is place for further research for biomarkers such as hrHPV genotyping hrHPV transcriptional status, and host DNA methylation. This application of these biomarkers in context of low resource settings has its limitations despite high prevalence of the disease. Improved women participation can be achieved by use of self-samples thereby improving diagnoses rate of the disease and higher cost effectiveness of the screening programme. In due course, biomarkers will be made available in the screening programmes together with self-sampling that will detect hrHPV infections and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) before they progress to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and from there to malignancy. This would facilitate prudent timely clinical decisions, reduced patient anxiety, reduction in over referral and unnecessary treatments in women, especially in developing countries.
Metrics
References
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424.
Shrestha AD, Neupane D, Vedsted P, Kallestrup P. Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(2):319-24.
Brotzman GL, Spitzer M. Adjunctive testing: cervicography. In: Apgar BS, Brotzman GL, Spitzer M, editors. Colposcopy: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2002;73-84.
Molina MA, Carosi Diatricch L, Castany Quintana M, Melchers WJ, Andralojc KM. Cervical cancer risk profiling: molecular biomarkers predicting the outcome of hrHPV infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020;2011:1099-120.
Tornesello ML, Buonaguro L, Giorgi-Rossi P, Buonaguro FM. Viral and cellular biomarkers in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:519619.
Tsakogiannis D, Gartzonika C, Levidiotou-Stefanou S, Markoulatos P. Molecular approaches for HPV genotyping and HPV-DNA physical status. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2017;19:e1.
ASCUS-LSIL Traige Study (ALTS) Group. Results of a randomized trial on the management of cytology interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(6):1383-92.
Polman NJ, Snijders PJF, Kenter GG, Berkhof J, Meijer CJLM. HPV-based cervical screening: Rationale, expectations and future perspectives of the new Dutch screening programme. Prev Med. 2019;119:108-17.
Arbyn M, Smith SB, Temin S, Sultana F, Castle P; Collaboration on Self-Sampling and HPV Testing. Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses. BMJ. 2018;363:k4823.
Wright TC Jr, Stoler MH, Behrens CM, Apple R, Derion T, Wright TL. The ATHENA human papillomavirus study: design, methods, and baseline results. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(1):46.
Castle PE, Fetterman B, Poitras N, Lorey T, Shaber R, Kinney W. Five-year experience of human papillomavirus DNA and Papanicolaou test cotesting. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(3):595-600.
van den Heuvel CNAM, Loopik DL, Ebisch RMF, Elmelik D, Andralojc KM, Huynen M, et al. RNA-based high-risk HPV genotyping and identification of high-risk HPV transcriptional activity in cervical tissues. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(4):748-57.
Duvlis S, Popovska-Jankovic K, Arsova ZS, Memeti S, Popeska Z, Plaseska-Karanfilska D. HPV E6/E7 mRNA versus HPV DNA biomarker in cervical cancer screening of a group of Macedonian women. J Med Virol. 2015;87(9):1578-86.
Stoler MH, Wright TC Jr, Cuzick J, Dockter J, Reid JL, Getman D, et al. APTIMA HPV assay performance in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytology results. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(2):144.
Macedo ACL, Gonçalves JCN, Bavaresco DV, Grande AJ, Chiaramonte Silva N, Rosa MI. Accuracy of mRNA HPV Tests for Triage of Precursor Lesions and Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oncol. 2019;2019:6935030.
Hsu YW, Huang RL, Su PH, Chen YC, Wang HC, Liao CC, et al. Genotype-specific methylation of HPV in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Gynecol Oncol. 2017;28(4):e56.
Kalantari M, Osann K, Calleja-Macias IE, Kim S, Yan B, Jordan S, et al. Methylation of human papillomavirus 16, 18, 31, and 45 L2 and L1 genes and the cellular DAPK gene: Considerations for use as biomarkers of the progression of cervical neoplasia. Virology. 2014;448:314-21.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
