Diagnosis, etiology, and management strategies of open bite malocclusions

Waleed H. Farran; Ammar K. Alhazmi; Ibrahim A. Bahshan; Batool N. Alhabib; Ameen A. Alsultan; Denah I. Alaraj; Abdullah F. Albash; Eilaf A. Alshahrani; Mohammed A. Baflah; Fatimah Y. Almalallah

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233946

Authors

Waleed H. Farran Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Al Thager Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ammar K. Alhazmi College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim A. Bahshan Muhayil Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia
Batool N. Alhabib College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ameen A. Alsultan Department of Dental Administration, Directorate of Health Affairs, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
Denah I. Alaraj College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah F. Albash College of Dentistry, King’s College London, London, England
Eilaf A. Alshahrani College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed A. Baflah Dental Department, Royal Commission Medical Center, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
Fatimah Y. Almalallah Dental Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233946

Keywords:

Open bite malocclusion, Orthodontic management, Skeletal discrepancies, Behavioral habits, Interdisciplinary collaboration

Abstract

Open bite malocclusion is a condition where the upper and lower incisors do not overlap vertically. It involves factors like structure, dental issues and functional challenges. This review offers an overview of diagnosing, understanding the causes and managing bite malocclusions. The condition is noticeable by the gap between incisors, difficulties in biting and speech and habits like tongue thrusting. In children thumb sucking is often associated with this issue underscoring the importance of intervention. Diagnosis relies on assessments, cephalometric analysis and categorization based on dental or skeletal elements. The causes can be attributed to factors, environmental influences or behavioral habits. Various management strategies are available with treatments playing a role using methods like fixed appliances clear aligners, and innovative temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Surgical interventions such as surgery address discrepancies when necessary. Considering that open bites are age conditions, behavioral modifications along with intervention using orthopedic appliances are crucial for effective treatment. Advanced diagnostic tools like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) contribute to treatment planning. The retention phase ensures stability of results while patient cooperation remains essential throughout the process. Collaboration between orthodontist’s maxillofacial surgeons and other specialists is vital for care. The field of orthodontics is continuously advancing and with research we can expect improvements in our understanding and treatment of open bite malocclusions.

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