A Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of primary caregiver social support capacity on self-management practices of clients living with type II diabetes in Machakos county, Kenya

Jackline Njeri Kiarie; Susan Njoki Mambo; George Kimathi Kamundi

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240034

Authors

Jackline Njeri Kiarie School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Susan Njoki Mambo School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
George Kimathi Kamundi Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240034

Keywords:

Diabetes type 2, Primary caregivers, Social support, Diabetes self-management, Africa

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a fast-growing public health emergency, projected to affect 643 million people by 2045. While primary caregiver social support can influence the self-management practices of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) clients, there's often limited capacity to provide it. The study determined the effectiveness of enhanced caregivers' social support capacity on self-management practices of T2D clients in Machakos.

Methods: A six-month quasi-experimental study design that adopted quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis approaches. Primary caregivers at the Matungulu intervention site were trained on T2D self-management and types of social support, with no intervention conducted at the Masinga control site.

Results: Over 90% of the 227 primary caregivers were female, with a mean age of 43.28, supporting approximately three T2D clients each. Post-intervention, a 27.2% change in capacity to identify all T2D self-management practices was noted compared to a 7.6% change in the control group. The greatest contribution was in the primary caregivers' ability to provide tangible, followed by emotional and informational social support, resulting in a statistically significant improvement in the self-management practices in the intervention site, B=0.140 (95% CI: 0.072, 0.208), t=4.046, p<0.001. Consequently, the difference in blood glucose levels was statistically significant, crude OR=3.213 [95% CI: 2.039, 5.063], p<0.001.

Conclusions: Enhanced capacity to provide social support positively correlates with the T2D clients' self-management practices. Further investigation of factors that hinder the full realization of primary caregiver social support capacity benefits in improving self-management capacities among T2D clients is recommended.

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