Sebaceous gland diseases: clinical picture risk factors and treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233130Keywords:
Sebaceous, Gland, Disease, TreatmentAbstract
Sebaceous glands are present in almost every part of the skin or body except the palms and soles, and the primary function of these glands involves the generation of sebum. However, numerous diseases, both benign and malignant, have been linked to abnormal sebaceous gland activity. Sebaceous gland disorders are a class of widespread dermatological conditions with numerous aetiologies. Diseases in which the primary involvement is associated with sebaceous glands comprise conditions such as steatocystoma, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, nevus sebaceous, and sebaceous carcinoma. Additionally, sebaceous glands play a secondary role in androgenic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and seborrheic dermatitis. Steatocystoma simplex or multiplex is a non-cancerous growth that arises either sporadically or through inheritance in an autosomal dominant manner, originating from mutations in the keratin 17 gene. Sebaceous gland hyperplasia refers to the non-malignant enlargement of sebaceous lobules, which presents as papules exhibiting a yellowish color and telangiectatic features. Common treatment methods for sebaceous gland hyperplasia include the application of topical retinoids, the administration of oral isotretinoin, and the surgical removal of the affected lesions. Nevus sebaceus also referred to as a nevus of Jadassohn or organoid nevus, represents a congenital skin hamartoma originating from mosaic mutations. While acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent and complex disorder influenced by various factors, one of which is the increased production of sebum. Acne can be managed using approaches like topical or systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, cautery-based lesion removal, and phototherapy techniques such as laser treatment. The purpose of this research is to review the sebaceous gland diseases: clinical picture, risk factors, and treatment.
Metrics
References
Firooz A, Zouboulis CC, Fanian F, Estarabadi AR, Ayatollahi A, Ehsani AH et al. Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands. In: Smoller B, Bagherani N, eds. Atlas Dermatol Dermatopathol Venereol. 2019;1-32.
Shamloul G, Khachemoune A. An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 2: Pathophysiological clinical disorders of sebaceous glands. Dermatologic Therapy. 2021;34(2):e14862.
Zhang H, Liao W, Chao W, Chen Q, Zeng H, Wu C et al. Risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in Han adolescents. J Dermatol. 2008;35(9):555-61.
Zampeli VA, Makrantonaki E, Tzellos T, Zouboulis CC. New pharmaceutical concepts for sebaceous gland diseases: implementing today's pre-clinical data into tomorrow's daily clinical practice. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012;13(10):1898-913.
Niemann C. Differentiation of the sebaceous gland. Dermato-Endocrinol. 2009;1(2):64-7.
Shi VY, Leo M, Hassoun L, Chahal DS, Maibach HI, Sivamani RK. Role of sebaceous glands in inflammatory dermatoses. J Am Academy Dermatol. 2015;73(5):856-63.
Geueke A, Niemann C. Stem and progenitor cells in sebaceous gland development, homeostasis and pathologies. Exp Dermatol. 2021;30(4):588-97.
Lin EY, Rao L, Wang WJ, Chen YF. Detection of sebaceous gland hyperplasia with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. Frontiers in medicine. 2023;10:1194748.
Naldi L, Venturuzzo A, Invernizzi P. Dermatological Complications After Solid Organ Transplantation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018;54.
Hussein L, Perrett CM. Treatment of sebaceous gland hyperplasia: a review of the literature. J Dermatological Treat. 2021;32(8):866-77.
Kyllo RL, Brady KL, Hurst EA. Sebaceous carcinoma: review of the literature. Dermatologic Surg. 2015;41(1):1-15.
Shields JA, Demirci H, Marr BP, Eagle RC, Shields CL. Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Ocular Region: A Review. Survey Ophthalmol. 2005;50(2):103-22.
Knackstedt T, Samie FH. Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Review of the Scientific Literature. Curr Treat Opti Oncol. 2017;18(8):47.
Gordon Spratt EA, Kaplan J, Patel RR, Kamino H, Ramachandran SM. Steatocystoma. Dermatol Online J. 2013;19(12):20721.
Kamra HT, Gadgil PA, Ovhal AG, Narkhede RR. Steatocystoma multiplex-a rare genetic disorder: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2013;7(1):166-8.
Marasca C, Megna M, Donnarumma M, Fontanella G, Cinelli E, Fabbrocini G. A Case of Steatocystoma Multiplex in a Psoriatic Patient during Treatment with Anti-IL-12/23. Skin Appendage Disorders. 2020;6(5):309-11.
Liu Q, Wu W, Lu J, Wang P, Qiao F. Steatocystoma multiplex is associated with the R94C mutation in the KRTl7 gene. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(4):5072-6.
Georgakopoulos JR, Ighani A, Yeung J. Numerous asymptomatic dermal cysts: Diagnosis and treatment of steatocystoma multiplex. Can Family Physician Med. 2018;64(12):892-9.
Heng AHS, Chew FT. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5754.
Layton AM, Ravenscroft J. Adolescent acne vulgaris: current and emerging treatments. Lancet Child Adolescent Heal. 2023;7(2):136-44.
Oge LK, Broussard A, Marshall MD. Acne Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Family Physician. 2019;100(8):475-484.
Kamyab-Hesari K, Seirafi H, Jahan S, Aghazadeh N, Hejazi P, Azizpour A et al. Nevus sebaceus: a clinicopathological study of 168 cases and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55(2):193-200.
Neto M, Assis BR, Andrade GR. Sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn: review and clinical-surgical approach. An Bras Dermatol. 2022;97(5):628-36.
