Trends in seroprevalence of enteric transmitted hepatitis virus infections at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi: a 4-year review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233463Keywords:
Acute virus hepatitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, SeroprevalenceAbstract
Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), both enteric hepatitis viruses, are transmitted through the feco-oral route. These infections can range from asymptomatic or subclinical cases to acute viral hepatitis, occasionally leading to mortality. To gain an understanding of the disease and develop effective management strategies, comprehending the disease burden is essential. This study aimed to provide insights into the prevalence of enteric transmitted hepatitis viruses among individuals with acute hepatitis in the Delhi region.
Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted at a prominent tertiary care super specialty hospital in Delhi, spanning from February 2019 to December 2022. Serum samples from patients suspected of having hepatitis and sent for HAV and HEV testing were included. The samples underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect HAV and HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21, employing Chi-square and Fischer exact tests where applicable.
Results: Throughout the study period, a total of 1275 samples were incorporated. Viral etiology was evident in 197 patients (15.45%). Among these, IgM HAV was identified in 142 patients (11.13%), and IgM HEV was present in 55 patients (4.31%). HAV infection was notably more prevalent in the pediatric age group (20.89% or 89/426; p<0.001), while HEV was significantly more common among adolescents and adults (5.77% or 49/849; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Regular surveillance of enteric transmitted viruses causing hepatitis should encompass both hospital and community levels to accurately gauge disease burden and evolving epidemiology.
Metrics
References
World Health Organization. Hepatitis. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/hepatitis#tab=tab_1. Accessed on 12 May 2023.
Glynn WW, Sophie K, Harry RD. Hepatitis A and hepatitis E: clinical and epidemiological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Newslett. 2020;42(21):171-9.
Fortio SF, Ioannis VM, Dimitrios KC. Extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis E virus: an overview. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2020;26(1):16-23.
Guiying C, Wenzhan J, Jue L, Min L. The global trends and regional differences in incidence and mortality of hepatitis A from 1900 to 2019 and implications for its prevention. Hepatol Int. 2021;15:1068-82.
Rajani M, Jais M. Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in urban India. J Microbiol Infec Dis. 2013;3:181-5.
Jain P, Prakash S, Gupta S, Singh KP, Shrivastava S, Singh DD, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013;31(3):261-5.
Agrawal M, Ruchi K, Ashish B, Pallab S. A study of seroprevalence and co-infection of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses in sporadic cases in an endemic area. J Med Sci Health. 2016;2:1-5.
Rawat S, Gil PS, Gupta T, Malhotra P, Parmar A. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis in Rohtak, Haryana, India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2019;7:1792-5.
Barde PV, Chouksey VK, Shivlata L, Sahare LK, Thakur AK. Viral hepatitis among acute hepatitis patients attending tertiary care hospital in central India. Virusdisease. 2019;30:367-72.
Samaddar A, Taklikar S, Kale P, Kumar CA, Baveja S. Infectious hepatitis: a 3-year retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital in India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019;37:230-4.
Kalita D, Paul M, Deka S, Badoni G, Gupta P. Simultaneous infection of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses amongst acute viral hepatitis patients: a hospital-based study from Uttarakhand. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9:6130-4.
Meghna SP, Suvarna J, Geetanjali C, Rashmita D, Ashish S, Rajesh K. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis: a 3-year retrospective study at a tertiary care Hospital in Western India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2022;11(6):2437-41.
Garima S, Pallavi S, Amit S, Santwana V, Prashant P, Gaurav S. Study of seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e viruses in acute viral hepatitis in a tertiary care centre in sub Himalayan region. Ind J Microbiol Res. 2022;9(1):24-7.
Agrawal A, Singh S, Kolhapure S, Hoet B, Arankalle V, Mitra M. Increasing burden of hepatitis A in adolescents and adults and the need for long-term protection: a review from the Indian subcontinent. Infect Dis Ther. 2019;8:483-97.
