Uptake of indoor residual spray as a malaria vector control strategy among the residents in Migori County, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233430Keywords:
Spray operators, Insecticide, Indoor residual spray, Household-heads, Households, Eligible structures, ChemicalAbstract
Background: Globally unexpected 219 million malaria cases occurred in 2021, with 90% of these cases happening in the WHO Africa region and unexpected 435,000 malaria transmissions worldwide, with children less than five years being the most-at-risk (61%) of malaria infections (World Malaria Report, 2021). In 2019, IRS coverage was 94.6%. This was reason enough to assess contributing factors leading to not reaching targeted 100% of the households mapped despite massive resources.
Methods: The study adopted analytical cross-sectional design. The study area was Migori County (Awendo, Uriri, Rongo, Suna East, Suna West and Nyatike sub counties) where IRS had been implemented in four sessions. The study period November 2021 to April 2022. The respondents sample size was determined using Cochran (1963) for a single population of 1,000 households. The respondents were randomly selected villages from purposively selected Migori County. Kenyatta University Ethics Review Committee and NACOSTI provided ethical clearance. Quantitative data analyzed using SPSS version 2.6 and thematically for qualitative data. A Chi-squared test used to compute statistically significant differences between independent variables at p value <0.05.
Results: Some 249 (90%) of the respondents confirmed their houses were IRS- covered while 32 (10%) of the houses were not sprayed because they were not informed in advance (p value <0.000).
Conclusions: Using the Chi-squared test of significance the spray operators` arrival time for IRS activities affected the respondents daily calendar of events significantly (p=0.013, <0.05) resulting into respondents’ non-participation and unmet targets.
References
WHO. Action and Investment to defeat Malaria (AIM) for a malaria-free world. World Malaria Report (2016-2030). 2022.
Hay. The population at risk of transmission containing close to 50 percent of the world’s population, WHO 2020.
KHIS. Migori County malaria prevalence in the last five years, 2022
The NMCP Report. Kenya National Malaria Policy Framework 2020 - 2024.
Tukei BB, Beke A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Assessing the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria morbidity in Northern Uganda: a before and after study. Malar J. 2017;16:1-9.
White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT. WHO: Global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/ publications/i/item/9789240031357. Accessed on 12 June 2023.
Mashauri FM, Manjurano A, Kinung’hi S, Martine J, Lyimo E, Kishamawe C, et al. Indoor residual spraying with micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) against malaria vectors in the Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. PloS One. 2017;12(5):e0176982.
Tangena JA, Adiamoh M, D’Alessandro U, Jarju L, Jawara M, Jeffries D, et al. Alternative treatments for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in a village with pyrethroid-and DDT-resistant vectors in the Gambia. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74351.
White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT. WHO: Global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/ publications/i/item/9789240031357. Accessed on 12 June 2023.
Mashauri FM, Manjurano A, Kinung’hi S, Martine J, Lyimo E, Kishamawe C, et al. Indoor residual spraying with micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) against malaria vectors in the Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. PloS One. 2017;12(5):e0176982.
WHO. Recommendations for achieving universal coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets in malaria control. Geneva 2022. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/publications/who-recommendations-achieving-universal-coverage-long-lasting-insecticidal-nets. Accessed on 12 June 2023.
The National Malaria Strategy Report. Kenya National Malaria Policy Framework 2020-2024.
Okumu FO, Chipwaza B, Madumla EP, Mbeyela E, Lingamba G, Moore J, et al. Implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention. Malar J. 2020:378.
WHO. Recommendations for achieving universal coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets in malaria control. Geneva 2022. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/publications/who-recommendations-achieving-universal-coverage-long-lasting-insecticidal-nets. Accessed on 12 June 2023.
The NMCP Report. Kenya National Malaria Policy Framework 2020-2024.
The NMCP Report. Kenya National Malaria Programme Report. 2019.
The NMCP Report. Kenya National Malaria Policy Framework 2022.
Orodho JA. Techniques of writing research proposals and reports in education and social sciences. Nairobi: Masola Publishers. 2004.
Tukei BB, Beke A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Assessing the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria morbidity in Northern Uganda: a before and after study. Malar J. 2017;16:1-9.
Rockville. Monitoring & Evaluation Reference Group. Mortality Task Force of Roll Back Malaria. Guidance for Evaluating the Impact of National Malaria Control Programs in Highly Endemic Countries.
Tukei BB, Beke A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Assessing the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria morbidity in Northern Uganda: a before and after study. Malar J. 2017;16:1-9.
Tukei BB, Beke A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Assessing the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria morbidity in Northern Uganda: a before and after study. Malar J. 2017;16:1-9.
WHO. Indoor residual spraying: an operational manual for indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria transmission control and elimination. 2nd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Tangena JA, Adiamoh M, D’Alessandro U, Jarju L, Jawara M, Jeffries D, et al. Alternative treatments for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in a village with pyrethroid-and DDT-resistant vectors in the Gambia. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74351.
WHO. The population at risk of transmission containing close to 50 percent of the world’s population. 2020.
Wickramasuriya GA. Clinical features of malaria in pregnancy. Malaria and ankylostomiasis in the pregnant woman. Oxford University Press; 1937:5-90.
WHO. World health statistics: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals 2019, World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565707. Accessed on 12 June 2023.
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. World Health Organization; 2015.
Wickramasuriya GA. Clinical features of malaria in pregnancy. Malaria and ankylostomiasis in the pregnant woman. Oxford University Press; 1937:5-90.
WHO. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020:30
The NMCP Report. Kenya National Malaria Policy Framework 2020.
