Dynamics of changes in expenditures on medical services over the last ten years, their structure in parallel with the dynamics of changes in health indicators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20231711Keywords:
Healthcare services, Local government, Self-government, Public healthcare, InsuranceAbstract
Despite increasing public spending on healthcare in Georgia, the country still needs to catch up to the world health organization's (WHO) recommendation of allocating at least 15% of public expenditure on healthcare. As a result, the population must pay high medical service costs. Additionally, the quality of healthcare in Georgia needs to improve. Chronic diseases are particularly prevalent, and lifestyle risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and unhealthy diet contribute to their development. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of state programs in Georgia and compare them with the best working model of world health recommendations. It also aims to identify factors contributing to the development of chronic diseases in Georgia. The research methodology is a meta-analysis, where have been used reports of the national health of Georgia, there have been discussed the results of all state programs operating in Georgia-to analyze the dynamics of changes in health indicators in Georgia over the last ten years. The study finds that public funding for healthcare in Georgia is increasing yearly, but the country still needs to catch up to the WHO's recommendation. The population must pay excessive costs for medical services, and the quality of healthcare remains low. Lifestyle risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and unhealthy diet contribute to developing chronic diseases in Georgia. The study also finds that the cost-effectiveness of state programs in Georgia could be better compared to global best practices. The study concludes that despite increasing trends in public funding expenditures in Georgia, healthcare quality remains low. The development of chronic diseases in Georgia is due to lifestyle risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and an unhealthy diet. The cost-effectiveness of state programs in Georgia needs improvement, and global best practices should be considered. The study highlights the need for increased public spending on healthcare in Georgia and better resource utilization to achieve better health outcomes.
Metrics
References
National Health Reports, 2013-2016.
Government Expenditures on Healthcare in Relation to Gross Domestic Product, 2015-1017.
Budget of the Ministry of Health of Georgia, 2012-2017.
Eurostat. (n.d.). Healthcare expenditure statistics. 2020. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ statistics-explained/index.php?title=Healthcare_ expenditure_statistics. Accessed on 15 February 2023.
Evaluation of the expenditures on the universal health care program. 2014. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2017/angarishebi/moxsenebebi/en/24.102017.pdf. Accessed on 15 February 2023.
WHO Mortality Structure Georgia. WHO Assessment. 2014. Available at: https://data.who.int/countries/268. Accessed on 15 February 2023.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2019. National Health Expenditure Data: Historical. Available at: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsHistorical. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Kaiser Family Foundation. Health Care Costs 101. 2019. Available at: https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/health-care-costs-101/. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. Health, United States, 2020: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Available at: https://www.cdc. gov/nchs/hus/index.htm. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker. 2021. Health spending. Available at: https://www.health systemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-spending-u-s-compare-countries/#item-start
The Commonwealth Fund. 2021. The U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective, 2021: Higher Spending, Worse Outcomes? Available at: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jun/us-health-care-global-perspective-2021. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Georgian National Health Accounts. 2020. Health Expenditures in Georgia. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2020/NHA_Report_Eng_2020.pdf. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
World Health Organization. 2021. Georgia: WHO Statistical Profile. Available at: https://www.who. int/publications/i/item/9789240010133. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2019. Health Care System in Georgia. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6393448/. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Ministry of Health of Georgia. 2021. National Health Strategy 2021-2025. Available at: https://moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2021/National_Health_Strategy_2021-2025_Eng.pdf. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
World Bank. 2019. Health Expenditure, Total (% of GDP) - Georgia. Available at: https://data.world-bank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS?locations=GE. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Georgian National Health Accounts. (2019). Health Expenditure in Georgia. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2019/NHA_Report_Eng.pdf. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
United Nations Development Programme. 2020. Georgia National Human Development Report 2020: Human Development for Everyone. Retrieved from https://www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/en/home/library/human_development/Georgia-NHDR-2020.html. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia. 2021. Healthcare System Reform. Available at: http://moh.gov.ge/index.php?sec_ id=168&lang_id=ENG. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
World Health Organization. 2021. Georgia. Available at: https://www.who.int/countries/geo/en/. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia. 2018. Health Strategy 2019-2023. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2018/ Health%20Strategy%202019-2023.pdf. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
The World Bank. 2021. Georgia. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/georgia. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia. 2021. Health Indicators. Available at: http://www.ncdc.ge/index.php?lang_ id=ENG&sec_id=14. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. 2018. Georgia: A health system review. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK539874/. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia. 2018. Human Resources for Health Development Strategy 2019-2023. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2018/Human%20Resources%20for%20Health%20Development%20Strategy%202019-2023.pdf. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
Georgia Today. 2021. Georgia's Healthcare System and Its Challenges. Available at: https://georgiatoday.ge/georgias-healthcare-system-and-its-challenges/. Accessed on 8 January 2023.
