Types and characteristics of gingival enlargements
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223579Keywords:
Gingival hyperplasia, GE, Gingival diseasesAbstract
One of the common symptoms of gingival disorders is gingival hypertrophy. However, the practitioner finds it difficult to diagnose these entities because of their diverse manifestations. According to their etiology and pathogenesis, site, volume, severity, etc., they can be grouped. A differential diagnosis can be made using the available information and clinical experience. The practitioner then provides a definitive diagnosis or a diagnosis of elimination following a thorough examination. The care of these lesions and the control of their recurrence entirely rely on an accurate diagnosis, so it is crucial. Further, a proper diagnosis of these enlargements may save the patient's life or at the very least initiate therapy early and enhance their quality of life in situations when gingival enlargement (GE) may be the first indicator of possibly deadly systemic disorders. When making a differential diagnosis of local (isolated, discrete, regional) or widespread GE, one can maintain a broad perspective by being conscious of the presence of typical and uncommon GE forms.
References
Seymour RA. Effects of medications on the periodontal tissues in health and disease. Periodontology. 2000. 2006;40(1):120-9.
Giunta JL. Gingival fibrous nodule. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 1999;88(4):451-4.
Savage N, Daly C. Gingival enlargements and localized gingival overgrowths. Aust Dental J. 2010;55:55-60.
Cooke B. The fibrous epulis and the fibroepithelial polyp: their histogenesis and natural history. Br Dent J. 1952;93:305-9.
Kfir Y, Buchner A, Hansen LS. Reactive lesions of the gingiva: a clinicopathological study of 741 cases. J Periodontol. 1980;51(11):655-61.
Zhang W, Chen Y, An Z, Geng N, Bao D. Reactive gingival lesions: a retrospective study of 2,439 cases. Quintessence Int. 2007;38(2).
Bosco AF, Bonfante S, Luize DS, Bosco JMD, Garcia VG. Periodontal plastic surgery associated with treatment for the removal of gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol. 2006;77(5):922-8.
Ingles E, Rossmann JA, Caffesse RG. New clinical index for drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(7).
Giunta JL. Gingival cysts in the adult. J Periodontol. 2002;73(7):827-31.
Allen R, Bruce K. Nevus of the gingiva; report of case. J Oral Surg. 1954;12(3):254-6.
Lager I, Altini M, Coleman H, Ali H. Oral Kaposi's sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study from South Africa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2003;96(6):701-10.
Ponnam SR, Srivastava G, Jampani N, Kamath V. A fatal case of rapid gingival enlargement: Case report with brief review. J Oral Maxillofacial Pathol. 2014;18(1):121.
Seymour R, Smith D, Rogers S. The comparative effects of azathioprine and cyclosporin on some gingival health parameters of renal transplant patients: A longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14(10):610-3.
Omori K, Hanayama Y, Naruishi K. Gingival overgrowth caused by vitamin C deficiency associated with metabolic syndrome and severe periodontal infection: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2014;2(6):286-95.
Kubota Y, Moriyama Y, Yamagishi K. Serum vitamin C concentration and hs-CRP level in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Atherosclerosis. 2010;208(2):496-500.
Güngör N, Koçak Ü. Tooth Pain and Numb Chin as the Initial Presentation of Systemic Malignancy.
Patil S, Kalla N, Ramesh D, Kalla A. Leukemic gingival enlargement: a report of two cases. Arch Orofac Sci. 2010;5(2):69-72.
Shiboski CH, Regezi JA, Sanchez HC, Silverman Jr S. Oral lesions as the first clinical sign of microscopic polyangiitis: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2002;94(6):707-11.
Stewart C, Cohen D, Bhattacharyya I. Oral manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis: a report of three cases and a literature review. J Am Dental Ass. 2007;138(3):338-48.
Fernandez-Faith E, McDonnell J. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25(3):276-87.
LS N. Rose CS, Maier LA. Sarcoidosis N Engl J Med. 1997;3:1224-34.
Kadiwala SA, Dixit MB. Gingival enlargement unveiling sarcoidosis: Report of a rare case. Contemporary Clin Dentistr. 2013;4(4):551.
Smith WR, Mason K, Davies D, Onions J. Intraoral and pulmonary tuberculosis following dental treatment. Lancet. 1982;319(8276):842-4.
Nwoku LA, Kekere-Ekun TA, Sawyer DR, Olude OO. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible. J Maxillofacial Surg. 1983;11:46-8.
Varadhan Karthikeyan B, Raju Pradeep A, Dileep Sharma C. Primary tuberculous gingival enlargement: a rare entity. J Can Dental Asso. 2006;72(7).
Woolfe M. Secondary tuberculous ulceration of the tongue. A case report. Bri Dental J. 1968;125(6):270-71.
Weaver RA. Tuberculosis of the tongue. JAMA. 1976;235(22):2418.
