Categorization and complication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Samar A. Alharbi; Ammar H. Alhayki; Ahmed A. Alghamdi; Abdulrahman S. Althobaiti; Fatema F. Alkhalfan; Nawaf A. Muaddi; Mohammad S. Almabouth; Zainab M. Alfaraj; Mohammed H. Almajed; Ali A. Alkhiri; Basmah A. Altharmani

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223578

Authors

Samar A. Alharbi Department of Internal Medicine, Al Thager Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ammar H. Alhayki General Physician, Alnabaa Medical Center, Aali, Bahrain
Ahmed A. Alghamdi College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman S. Althobaiti College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Fatema F. Alkhalfan College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
Nawaf A. Muaddi College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad S. Almabouth Department of Emergency Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Zainab M. Alfaraj Department of Internal Medicine, Eradah Mental Health Complex, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed H. Almajed College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ali A. Alkhiri Department of Internal Medicine, Al Mozeilef General Hospital, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
Basmah A. Altharmani College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223578

Keywords:

Non-alcoholic, Fatty, Liver, Steatohepatitis

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent liver disease with a global prevalence of 25%. The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the percentage of people with severe liver disease are expected to rise given the ongoing obesity pandemic, the rise in diabetes, and other factors. This will have a significant effect on health care expenditure and the need for liver transplantation, for which non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is already on track to overtake alcoholic steatohepatitis as the most prevalent reason. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by the triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who have advanced fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are at much higher risk of negative outcomes, such as overall mortality and liver-specific morbidity and death. It is a multisystemic clinical illness entity that manifests extrahepatic conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes, chronic renal disease, hypothyroidism, and psoriasis. In fact, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and liver-related problems are the three leading causes of death in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, in that order. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is further divided into two subtypes hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ranging from milder to more aggressive form of the disease.

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