Geographic information systems applications in India's public health are we moving towards the right direction?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230251Keywords:
Geographic information system, Public health, Risk mappingAbstract
Governments worldwide focus particularly on digital healthcare sensors for leveraging data and technology like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to improve governance and service delivery. Geoinformatics technology can help with epidemiological research and outbreak response, minimizing the health consequences in communities beforehand, during, and then after epidemic episodes. We can all agree that location and time play a crucial role in carrying out an efficient public health response. Since location information is essential for every stage of planning, response, and recovery, GIS helps the location-based support of public health preparedness programmes like support for decisions, resource allocation, communication and collaboration, and civic participation. GIS scales to situations ranging from adverse weather to pandemics. Public health professionals can coordinate their efforts with those of other organizations and external stakeholders due to maps and apps. The public health preparedness community may achieve significant strides by incorporating GIS data, models, communication and engagement centres, and location-centric apps. GIS technology can help with this efficient method for gathering data, performing analysis, where they are most needed, interacting with decision-makers, and finally achieving health equity can be created with the aid of a location-based strategy. During COVID-19, this reality was disseminated more extensively through the news media and the national, state, and local governments. This paper evaluates the application of GIS in the Indian public health system and the various aspects of public health where GIS may emerge as a game-changer for future policy decisions.
Metrics
References
Maina J, Ouma PO, Macharia PM, Alegana VA, Mitto B, Fall IS, et al. A spatial database of health facilities managed by the public health sector in sub Saharan Africa. Sci Data. 2019;6(1):134.
Mansour S. Spatial analysis of public health facilities in Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia: A GIS-based study to assess geographic variations of service provision and accessibility. Geo-spatial Inf Sci. 2016;19:26-38.
Comber AJ, Brunsdon C, Radburn R. A spatial analysis of variations in health access: linking geography, socio-economic status and access perceptions. Int J Health Geogr. 2011;10:1-11.
Caley LM. Using geographic information systems to design population‐based interventions. Public Health Nurs. 2004;21:547-54.
Delamater PL, Messina JP, Shortridge AM, Grady SC. Measuring geographic access to health care: raster and network-based methods. Int J Health Geogr. 2012;11:1-18.
Vadrevu L, Kanjilal B. Measuring spatial equity and access to maternal health services using enhanced two step floating catchment area method (E2SFCA)–a case study of the Indian Sundarbans. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:1-12.
Weiss DJ, Lucas TCD, Nguyen M, Nandi AK, Bisanzio D, Battle KE, et al. Mapping the global prevalence, incidence, and mortality of Plasmodium falciparum, 2000-17: a spatial and temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2019;394(10195):322-31.
Cromley EK, McLafferty SL. GIS and public health. Guilford Press. 2011.
Ouma P, Macharia PM, Okiro E, Alegana V. Methods of measuring spatial accessibility to health care in Uganda. In: Practicing Health Geography. Springer. 2021;77-90.
Al-Kindi KM, Alkharusi A, Alshukaili D, Al Nasiri N, Al-Awadhi T, Charabi Y, El Kenawy AM. Spatiotemporal Assessment of COVID-19 Spread over Oman Using GIS Techniques. Earth Syst Environ. 2020;4(4):797-811.
Qayum A, Arya R, Kumar P, Lynn AM. Socio-economic, epidemiological and geographic features based on GIS-integrated mapping to identify malarial hotspots. Malar J. 2015;14:1-20.
Cordes J, Castro MC. Spatial analysis of COVID-19 clusters and contextual factors in New York City. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2020;34:100355.
Zipf L, Primack RB, Rothendler M. Citizen scientists and university students monitor noise pollution in cities and protected areas with smartphones. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0236785.
Saran S, Singh P, Kumar V, Chauhan P. Review of geospatial technology for infectious disease surveillance: use case on COVID-19. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. 2020;48:1121-38.
Snow J. On the mode of communication of cholera. Edinb Med J. 1856;1:668.
Carver SJ. Integrating multi-criteria evaluation with geographical information systems. Int J Geogr Inf Syst. 1991;5:321-39.
Tomlinson RF. The impact of the transition from analogue to digital cartographic representation. Am Cartogr. 1988;15:249-62.
Marx RW. The TIGER system: automating the geographic structure of the United States census. Gov Publ Rev. 1986;13:181-201.
Ali E. Geographic Information System (GIS): Definition, Development, Applications & Components. Dep Geogr Ananda Chandra Coll India. 2020.
Johnston K, Ver Hoef JM, Krivoruchko K, Lucas N. Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst. Esri Redlands. 2001.
Steiniger S, Bocher E. An overview on current free and open source desktop GIS developments. Int J Geogr Inf Sci. 2009;23:1345-70.
Pfeiffer DU, Robinson TP, Stevenson M, Stevens KB, Rogers DJ, Clements ACA. Spatial analysis in epidemiology. OUP Oxford. 2008.
Ng T-C, Wen T-H. Spatially adjusted time-varying reproductive numbers: understanding the geographical expansion of urban dengue outbreaks. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1-12.
Fitzpatrick G, Ward M, Ennis O, Johnson H, Cotter S, Carr MJ, O Riordan B, Waters A, Hassan J, Connell J, Hall W, Clarke A, Murphy H, Fitzgerald M. Use of a geographic information system to map cases of measles in real-time during an outbreak in Dublin, Ireland, 2011. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(49):20330.
Soman B. Participatory GIS in action, a public health initiative from Kerala, India. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci. 2014;40:233.
Padilla CM, Kihal-Talantikit W, Perez S, Deguen S. Use of geographic indicators of healthcare, environment and socioeconomic factors to characterize environmental health disparities. Environ Heal. 2016;15:1-11.
Solomou I, Constantinidou F. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: age and sex matter. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:4924.
Zha P. Social epidemiology. In: Social pathways to health vulnerability. Springer. 2019;159-80.
Musa GJ, Chiang PH, Sylk T, Bavley R, Keating W, Lakew B, Tsou HC, Hoven CW. Use of GIS Mapping as a Public Health Tool-From Cholera to Cancer. Health Serv Insights. 2013;6:111-6.
Patel M, Patel M. An integrated GIS/GPS based e-governance approach for different agencies to fight against COVID-19. In: Understanding COVID-19: The Role of Computational Intelligence. Springer. 2022;447-69.
Ceccato P, Connor SJ, Jeanne I, Thomson MC. Application of geographical information systems and remote sensing technologies for assessing and monitoring malaria risk. Parassitologia. 2005;47:81-96.
Ahmad F, Goparaju L, Qayum A. Studying malaria epidemic for vulnerability zones: Multi-criteria approach of geospatial tools. J Geosci Environ Prot. 2017;5:30-53.
Carroll LN, Au AP, Detwiler LT, Fu T, Painter IS, Abernethy NF. Visualization and analytics tools for infectious disease epidemiology: a systematic review. J Biomed Inform. 2014;51:287-98.
Pedro J, Silva C, Pinheiro MD. Integrating GIS spatial dimension into BREEAM communities sustainability assessment to support urban planning policies, Lisbon case study. Land use policy. 2019;83:424-34.
Harvey EM, Strobino D, Sherrod L, et al. Community-academic partnership to investigate low birth weight deliveries and improve maternal and infant outcomes at a Baltimore city hospital. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:260-6.
Zhang Y, Shen Z, Ma C, et al. Cluster of human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) cases: a temporal and spatial analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:816-28.
Kost GJ. Geospatial science and point-of-care testing: creating solutions for population access, emergencies, outbreaks, and disasters. Front Public Heal. 2019;7:329.
Kamel Boulos MN, Geraghty EM. Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics. Int J Health Geogr. 2020;19:1-12.
Forsberg EM, Huan T, Rinehart D, et al. Data processing, multi-omic pathway mapping, and metabolite activity analysis using XCMS Online. Nat Protoc. 2018;13:633-51.
Indo ArcGIS Cloud and Managed Services | Esri India. Available at: https://www.esri.in/en-in/products/indo-arcgis/cloud-and-managed-services. Accessed on 28 November 2022.
Bhuvan-NHRR (National Health Resource Repository): HealthGIS. Available at: https://bhuvan-nhrr.nrsc.gov.in/nhrr/. Accessed on 28 November 2022.
NHA | Official website Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. Available at: https://abdm.gov.in/press-releases. Accessed on 28 November 2022.
Huston P, Naylor CD. Health services research: reporting on studies using secondary data sources. C Can Med Assoc J. 1996;155:1697.