An overview of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity

Dalal Mufadhi Alanazi; Badria Moashi Alanazi; Hilalah Masoud Alanazi; Ghada Khairallah Al-Shahrani; Abeer Abdulhai Alanazi; Tamam Mohammed Alenazy; Amirah Hamoud Alruwaili; Reem Awwadh Almutairi; Suad Murdhi Alanazi

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223270

Authors

Dalal Mufadhi Alanazi Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Badria Moashi Alanazi Dental Administration Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Hilalah Masoud Alanazi Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ghada Khairallah Al-Shahrani Dental Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abeer Abdulhai Alanazi Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Tamam Mohammed Alenazy Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Amirah Hamoud Alruwaili Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Reem Awwadh Almutairi Dental Department, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Suad Murdhi Alanazi Dental Department, Al Yamamah Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223270

Keywords:

Oral pathology, Oral medicine, Pigmentation, Melanin, Diagnosis

Abstract

It might be difficult to diagnose pigmented lesions of the mouth and perioral regions. Although several lesions may be correctly identified on the basis of clinical findings alone and while epidemiology may be helpful in guiding the clinician, the histological examination is typically necessary for the final diagnosis. Oral hyperpigmentation may present exogenously/ endogenously; pathologically/physiologically. The differential diagnosis depends on factors like medication usage, familial history in addition to the position, spread, and length as well as hue and pattern variations. Physiological pigmentation, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus, smoker's melanosis, oral melanoacanthoma, pigmentation caused by foreign matter or medicines, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Addison's disease, and oral melanoma are examples of dark or black pigmented discolorations that can be unifocal, multifocal, or dispersed macular lesions.

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