Genetic, environmental and microbiological causes of periodontal diseases

Authors

  • Yazeed Abdullah Alhabdan King Abdullah Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Abdulhameed G. Albeshr King Abdullah Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Shoroq Mansour Alqahtani College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  • Rudaina Saud Khallaf College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Khadijah Mustafa Saidi General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
  • Khalid Aymen Alqiraiqri College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Bader Atallah Aljuaid Dental Department, Ad Dawadmi General Hospital, Ad Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
  • Alaa Abdulkalq Albasher College of Dentistry, King Faisal Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Naif Mayouf lrasheedi General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Uyun Aljaw, Saudi Arabia
  • Dalal Mohammad Altheiaib College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
  • Ahmed Nayef Alsharif College of Dentistry, King Faisal Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Mohammed Abdulrahman Alnefaie College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214487

Keywords:

Gingivitis, Periodontal diseases, Etiology, Genetics, Environmental, Pathophysiology, Microbiology

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a term that can be used to describe different oral conditions that occur to the gingiva, in addition to the bones and ligaments supporting the teeth. Periodontal diseases can develop secondary to inflammatory, developmental, genetic, traumatic, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. In the present literature review, we aim to discuss the different genetic, environmental, and microbiological causes of periodontal diseases based on evidence from the current studies in the literature. Evidence regarding genetics is still not adequate, and further research is still needed to understand the main mechanism of this etiology furtherly. Different diseases and habitual factors can contribute periodontal diseases, mainly due to increased inflammation-induced pathological events. Further attention should be directed to preventing these events to intervene against the development of periodontal diseases adequately. Early interventions against these diseases can attribute to enhance the health and prognosis of the affected patients significantly. Microbiological causes are also important and usually develop mainly as a result of poor hygiene. Therefore, further interventional research should be directed towards raising awareness among individuals to reduce the incidence of the condition.

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Published

2021-11-24

How to Cite

Alhabdan, Y. A., Albeshr, A. G., Alqahtani, S. M., Khallaf, R. S., Saidi, K. M., Alqiraiqri, K. A., Aljuaid, B. A., Albasher, A. A., lrasheedi, N. M., Altheiaib, D. M., Alsharif, A. N., & Alnefaie, M. A. (2021). Genetic, environmental and microbiological causes of periodontal diseases. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(12), 6091–6095. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214487

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Review Articles