Clinical profile and outcome of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a large-scale observational study from Tamil Nadu, India

Authors

  • Senthil Raj K. Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Adithyan Geetha Suresh Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Selvavinayagam T. S. Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Shruthee Suresh Geetha Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-9329
  • Vinay Kumar K. Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Viduthalai Virumbi B. Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Saravana Kumar Nithyanandham Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Sarath Palani Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211762

Keywords:

Case fatality rate, Pandemic, Prognosis, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Background:  This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Tamil Nadu, India and to identify the associated prognostic determinants.

Methods: Facility-level observational data pertaining to the case investigation of 15045 lab confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported in Tamil Nadu from March to June 2020 was used for the purpose of the study. The demographic and clinical profile of the COVID-19 confirmed cases and age-sex specific estimates of severity of illness were analysed. Determinants of prognosis were tested for statistical significance using Chi square and Student t test as appropriate.

Results: The mean age was 40±7 years with a male predilection. Thirty six percent of the cases were symptomatic, with fever being the predominant symptom, followed by cough and breathlessness. The Case ICU rate and Case Fatality rate were found to be 6.2% and 2.9% respectively. Increasing age, male sex and underlying comorbid illness were found to significantly affect prognosis in these patients. However, it was observed that females experienced higher risk of severe illness and fatality in the younger age groups.

Conclusions: While the observed findings reiterate the prognostic significance of age, gender and comorbidity as evidenced by other studies, the increased risk of severe illness and fatality among younger females provides a new direction for further research from a socio-epidemiological perspective.

Author Biography

Shruthee Suresh Geetha, Department of Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission, Tamil Nadu, India

Assistant programme officer, State NCD Cell

References

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. Available from https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed on 29 August 2020.

Government of India: Covid19 State-wise status. Available from: https://www.mygov.in/corona-data/covid19-statewise-status/. Accessed on 20 February 2021.

WHO Emergencies. Corona virus Emergency Committee Second Meeting. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/corona viruse/transcripts/ihr-emergency-committee-for-pneumonia-due-to-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-press-briefing-transcript-30012020.pdf?sfvrsn=c9463ac1_2. Accessed on 20 February 2021.

WHO Virtual press conference on COVID-19. (n.d.). Available from https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/media-resources/press-briefings. Accessed on 20 February 2021.

Government of Tamil Nadu, G.O. (Ms) No.95, Health and Family Welfare (P1) Department. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.tn.gov.in/go_view/atoz? page=8. Accessed on 16 February 2021.

WHO COVID-19 Virtual Press conference. (n.d.). Available from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/covid-19-virtual-press-conference---18-august.pdf?sfvrsn=c93ccc39 _2. Accessed on 16 February 2021.

Joe W, Kumar A, Rajpal S, Mishra US, Subramanian SV. Equal risk, unequal burden? Gender differentials in COVID-19 mortality in India. J Global Health Sci. 2020;2:1.

Mohan A, Tiwari P, Bhatnagar S, Patel A, Maurya A, Dar L et al. Clinico-demographic profile and hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted at a tertiary care centre in north India. Indian j med res. 2020;152(1):61.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.

Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian j pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-6.

Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, Marder EP, Raz KM, Felix SEB et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance-United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep. 2020;69(24):759.

Jin JM, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM et al. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality. Frontiers pub health. 2020;8:152.

Kayina CA, Haritha D, Soni L, Behera S, Nair PR, Gouri M et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics and early outcome of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India: A preliminary analysis. Indian J Med Res. 2020;152(1):100.

WHO Smoking and COVID-19 Scientific; Brief 2020 June. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.who. int/news-room/commentaries/detail/smoking-and-covid-19. Accessed on 16 February 2021.

Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, Guthrie B, Wang HH, Mercer SW et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(8):e1003-17.

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020;323(11):1061-9.

Immunization and respiratory diseases (NCIRD) overview CDC. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/overview/index.html. Accessed on January 13 February 2021.

Zaki N, Alashwal H, Ibrahim S. Association of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney disease, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity and fatality: A systematic review. Diabetes Meta Syndrome Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(5):1133-42.

Jain V, Yuan JM. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int j pub health. 2020;65:533-46.

Liu H, Chen S, Liu M, Nie H, Lu H. Comorbid chronic diseases are strongly correlated with disease severity among COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging and dis. 2020;11(3):668.

Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Updated June 30, 2020. (n.d.). Available at: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/89980. Accessed on June 30, 2020.

Abate SM, Ahmed Ali S, Mantfardo B, Basu B. Rate of Intensive Care Unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. PloS one. 2020;15(7):e0235653.

Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, Wang W, Li J, Xu K et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. The lancet oncol. 2020;21(3):335-7.

Dai M, Liu D, Liu M, Zhou F, Li G, Chen Z, et al. Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: a multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancer discovery. 2020;10(6):783-91.

Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, Cole D, Goldfinger M, Acuna-Villaorduna A et al. Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system. Cancer discovery. 2020;10(7):935-41.

Dandona L, Dandona R, Kumar GA, Shukla DK, Paul VK, Balakrishnan K et al. Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990-2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020;390(10111):2437-60.

Caballero AE, Ceriello A, Misra A, Aschner P, McDonnell ME, Hassanein M et al. COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: an international consensus. J Diabetes Complications. 2020;34(9): 107671.

Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetes and COVID‐19. J Diabetes. 2020;12(4):347-8.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Revised Discharge Policy for COVID-19 08.05.2020. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ ReviseddischargePolicyforCOVID19.pdf. Accessed on 08 May 2020.

Wang L, He W, Yu X, Hu D, Bao M, Liu H et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. J Infe. 2020;80(6):639-45.

Downloads

Published

2021-04-27

How to Cite

K., S. R., Suresh, A. G., S., S. T., Geetha, S. S., K., V. K., B., V. V., Nithyanandham, S. K., & Palani, S. (2021). Clinical profile and outcome of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a large-scale observational study from Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(5), 2388–2393. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211762

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles