Influence of health warnings present on cigarette packets, on motivation to quit smoking, among smokers in a slum of Kolkata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200444Keywords:
Health warning, Motivation, SmokingAbstract
Background: The Government of India by National Health Policy 2017 has set the target of relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 15% and 30% by 2020 and 2025 respectively. The Union health ministry had notified to mandatory display new health warnings to be covering 85% of the principal display area on all tobacco products (1 April 2016).
Methods: This was an observational descriptive study with cross sectional in design carried out at Baghbazar slum in Kolkata with objective to study the smoking pattern, knowledge about health warning symbols (HWS) on tobacco products among the study population and to assess their motivation to quit and influence of HWS on their motivation. A total 66 smokers were interviewed using predesigned and pre tested questionnaire and analysis done using SPSS version 1.
Results: About 83.3% study subjects were presently smoking and they were smoking daily, about 10 cigarette and bidi was smoked daily (median) and median duration without smoking was 1 month. About 63.6% study subjects were highly motivated to quit smoking. Health warning was definitely motivating them to quit smoking (p=0.01) but it was not resulting in actual quitting smoking (p=1.000). The main reason for motivation for quitting smoking was self-health related factor (84.6%).
Conclusions: Health warning on cigarette packets increased the awareness about ill effects of smoking and motivated the smokers to quit smoking but not compelling them to quit smoking. Mostly those who were motivated to quit smoking were actually thinking about quitting due to other reasons.
References
WHO; Global Adult Tobacco Survey GATS-2 India 2016-17. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/ india/mediacentre/events/2017/gats2_india.pdf. Assessed on 15th November 2019.
WHO, Burden of NCDs and their risk factors in India. Excerpted from Global Status Report on NCDs, 2014. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/noncommunicable_diseases/ncd_situation_global_report_ncds_2014.pdf. Assessed on 15th November 2019.
New specified health warning on tobacco product pack; Ministry of health and family welfare. Available at: http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframe Page.aspx?PRID=1527824. Assessed on 15th November 2019.
Gazzette Notification Govt of India; ministry of health and family welfare (Department of Health and Family Welfare) New Delhi 24th March 2017.
Layoun N, Hallit S, Waked ZM, Bacha A, Godin I, Leveque A, et al. Predictors of past quit attempts and duration of abstinence among cigarette smokers. J Epidemiol Global Health. 2017;7(3):199-206.
Layoun N, Salameh P, Waked M, Bacha ZA, Zeenny RM, Hitti E, et al. Motivation to quit smoking and acceptability of shocking warnings on cigarette packages in Lebanon. Patient Pref Adher. 2017;11:331-42.
WHO STEPS Instrument; WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/STEPS_Instrument_v2.1.pdf. Accessed on 18th November 2019.
National Drug Rresearch Institute; The brief tobacco intervention program; fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Available at: http://ndri.curtin.edu.au/ btitp/documents/fagerstrom_test.pdf. Accessed on 19th November 2019.
La Torre G, Saulle R, Nicolotti N, de Waure C, Gualano MR, Boccia S. From nicotine dependence to genetic determinants of smoking. Smoking prevention and cessation. Springer; 2013: 1-29.
Green AE, Falk EB, Vallone D. Young adult smoker’s neural response to graphic cigarette warning labels; Addictive Behaviours Reports. 2016: 28-32.
Thrasher JF, Abad-Vivero EN, Huang L. Interpersonal communication about pictorial health warning on cigarette packages; Policy-related influences and relationship with smoking cessation attempts. Social Sci Med. 2016;164:141-9.
Marynard OM, Attwood A, O'Brien L. Avoidance of cigarette pack health warnings among regular cigarette smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;136:170-4.
Hammond D, Fong GT, McNeill A, Borland R, Cummings KM. Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey; Tobacco Control. BMJ. 2006;15(3):19-25.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
Bittencourt L, Person SD, Cruz RC, Scarinci IS. Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs and the impact on women; Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47(6):1123-9.
Vanishree N, Narayan RR, Naveen N, Bullapa D, Vignesh D, Raveendran NP. Impact of pictorial warning labels on tobacco products among patients attending outpatient department of a dental college in Bangalore city: a cross-sectional study. Indian J Cancer. 2017;54(2):461.
Heydari GR, Ramezankhani A, Talischi F. The impacts of cigarette packaging pictorial warning labels on smokers in the City of Tehran. Tanaffos. 2011;10(1):40-7.
Ratih SP, Susanna D. Perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings on changes in smoking behaviour in Asia: a literature review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1165.
Drovandi A, Teague PA, Glass B, Malau-Aduli B. Smoker perceptions of health warnings on cigarette packaging and cigarette sticks: A four-country study. Tob Induc Dis. 2019:17.
Noar SM, Francis DB, Bridges C, Sontag JM, Ribisl KM, Brewer NT. The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies. Social Sci Med. 2016;164:118-29.
