Factors associated with the increase in cases of opportunistic infections among adults living with the human immunodeficiency virus under antiretroviral treatment in Kolwezi in 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20253660Keywords:
PLHIV, Rifanpetine, Opportunistic infectionsAbstract
Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) remain the leading cause of death among people living with human acquired immunodeficiency virus, with mortality in Africa estimated at 630,000 deaths by 2023. They present a challenge for healthcare workers and a heavy burden for those affected. From 2021 to 2023, in the city of Kolwezi, HIV-related mortality and morbidity continued to increase despite free treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIV). This increase prompted research to identify the contributing factors with this rise among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objective was to determine the factors associated with the increase in cases of opportunistic infections among adults living with HIV receiving ART.
Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based analytical study was conducted between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023, by interviewing HIV patients and reviewing their records. Bivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations.
Results: The prevalence of OIs among people with HIV was 58% (95% CI, 53.2-62.8). The main OIs identified were oral candidiasis (27.6%) and herpes zoster (21.6%). In bivariate logistic regression, living with a pet [AOR=3.95 (95% CI, 2.15-7.26), p value <0.0001], not taking isoniazid/rifapentine (300 mg/300 mg) prophylaxis [AOR=7.84 (95% CI, 2.58-23.79), p value <0.0001], and having a chronic illness [AOR=3.70 (95% CI, 1.87-7.26), p value <0.0001] were associated with OIs.
Conclusions: The prevalence of OIs in Kolwezi is the highest in Africa, and factors such as not taking isoniazid/rifapentine prophylaxis, having a chronic illness, and living with a pet were associated with a rise of OIs among PLHIV.
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